Stimmung German · revision 36123

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1529|origins=gem-pro *stemnō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Stimmung''' ''f'' (genitive Stimmung, plural Stimmungen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|de|stimmen|-ung]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)^(Kluge 2011|886) Kluge explains that two derivatives of [[Stimme]] “voice” fell together in the verb: one meaning “to call, to raise one's voice”, and one from [[goh|gistimmi|t=harmonious, having the same voice]], through [[m|goh|stimnen|alt=(gi)stimnen]], which gave the sense “to tune an instrument”.^(Kluge 2011|886) That noun is [[goh|stimna]], from [[gem-pro|*stemnō]]; the same word is [[got|𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰|tr=stibna]] and [[ang|stefn]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Orel 2003) Its further origin is unknown;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Orel 2003)^(Duden 7 2007) Pfeifer thinks a connection with [[grc|στόμα|tr=stóma|t=mouth]] possible.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Orel 2003)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Grimms' dictionary dates the musical sense to the 16th century: Martin Agricola writes in 1529 of the ''stymmung'' of the descant viol, meaning the act of tuning it.^(DWB|18, 3127) In 1575 Rivius's translation of Vitruvius uses ''stimmung'' for a sound of the voice, from which words were formed.^(DWB|18, 3127)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The tuned state of an instrument, rather than the act of tuning, is recorded from the end of the 17th century, as in an organ-building manual of 1690.^(DWB|18, 3127) The musical image was then transferred to the mind: from the 1770s ''Stimmung'' named a state of feeling, and the Grimms see the figurative uses of the musical sense as the step before the modern one;^(DWB|18, 3127)^(Pfeifer 1993) Goethe in particular used it for a disposition to creative work.^(DWB|18, 3127)^(Pfeifer 1993) The word was soon also used of the feelings prevailing in a place or a time, the mood of a people or of the public.^(DWB|18, 3127)^(Duden GWDS 1999) In the 19th century it came to mean the atmosphere given off by a work of art or a landscape, and the adjective [[stimmungsvoll]] was formed.^(Pfeifer 1993) English has used ''Stimmung'' as a German word for mood or atmosphere since 1909.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1529 – Agricola uses ''stymmung'' of tuning a viol.^(DWB|18, 3127)

+ * 1575 – ''stimmung'' for a sound of the voice.^(DWB|18, 3127)

+ * 1690 – The tuned state of an organ.^(DWB|18, 3127)

+ * 1770s – The sense “state of mind, mood”.^(DWB|18, 3127)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 19th century – The atmosphere of a work of art or landscape;^(Pfeifer 1993) ''stimmungsvoll''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1909 – First record in English.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A person's [[m|en|mood]] at a given moment: ''Nach dem Anruf war ihre Stimmung bestens.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # The [[m|en|atmosphere]] among a group of people; a lively, cheerful mood: ''Auf der Hochzeit war viel Stimmung.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(plural)'' Changing moods.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # The impression or feeling that something gives, as a landscape or a painting.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # The prevailing [[m|en|opinion]] or attitude, for or against someone or something: ''Die Stimmung im Land schlug um.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(music)'' The fixed [[m|en|pitch]] of an instrument; also its being in or out of tune.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Goldgräberstimmung]]

+ * [[Stimmungskanone]]

+ * [[stimmungsvoll]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Stimme]]

+ * [[stimmen]]

+ * [[stimmig]]

+ * [[bestimmen]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''Jemandem die Stimmung verderben'' is to spoil someone's good mood, and ''in Stimmung sein'' is to be in good spirits.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}