Karriere German · revision 36109

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1573|origins=la carrus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /kaˈri̯eːrə/, [ka.ʁiˈeːʁə], [kaʁˈjeːʁə]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Karriere''' ''f'' (genitive Karriere, plural Karrieren)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ In its modern sense it is [[bor|fr|carrière|t=racecourse; course of life, career]], borrowed in the 18th century.^(Kluge 2011|476)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|433) Kluge derives the French word from [[it|carriera|t=road]], Pfeifer and Duden rather from [[pro|carriera|t=road, street]], and all go back to [[la-lat|*carrāria|t=(road) for carts]], compare [[la-med|via carraria]].^(Kluge 2011|476)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|433) Its base is [[la|carrus|t=cart, wagon]], a word of Gaulish origin, which also gave [[Karre]].^(Duden 7 2014|433)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ Riders had already taken the Italian word in the 16th century for the fastest gallop of a horse; the French word joined it in the 18th century with the sense “course, career”.^(WGd)^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002) The same French noun gave [[en|career]], [[nl|carrière]] and [[sv|karriär]].^(Kluge 2011|476)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The ZDL word history's first record is in a 1573 Augsburg translation of Grisone's riding manual, for a very fast gait of the horse; the DFWB quotes ''eine schnelle Carriera'' from a 1584 book on horsemanship.^(WGd)^(DFWB) The early forms were ''Carrera'' and ''Carriera''.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ At the end of the 17th century the sense “racecourse, course” appeared beside the riding term.^(WGd) In the second half of the 18th century, probably under French influence, the word came to mean a successful professional career, first in set careers such as the civil service and since the middle of the 19th century in more open professions too.^(WGd)^(DFWB) Paul dates the sense “course of life, of offices” from French to 1633.^(Paul 2002) The galloping sense lived on in literature: Schiller's ''Kabale und Liebe'' has ''in voller Karriere nach Haus'' “home at full gallop”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ Fontane used the disparaging ''Karrieremacher'', and ''Karrierist'' followed; recently the word is also used for a decline, as in ''Drogenkarriere''.^(Paul 2002) Hungarian borrowed ''karrier'' in 1854, as “racecourse”.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1573 – First record, for the fastest gait of a horse.^(WGd)

+ * 1584 – ''eine schnelle Carriera'' in a riding manual.^(DFWB)

+ * 1633 – Paul's first date for the sense “course of life”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * late 17th century – The sense “racecourse, course”.^(WGd)

+ * 1769 – The DFWB's first record of the sense “career” from French.^(DFWB)

+ * mid-19th century – The sense spreads from fixed careers to the professions in general.^(WGd)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A successful rise in one's profession;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''Karriere machen'' is to rise quickly: ''Er machte als Ingenieur rasch Karriere.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|career]], a professional path: ''eine Karriere als Sängerin''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(riding)'' The fastest [[m|en|gallop]] of a horse.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Karrierist]]

+ * [[Karrieremacher]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Karre]]

+ * [[Karren]]

+ * [[en|career]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}