future English · revision 3610

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1380 (Chaucer's Boece)|origins=ine-pro *bheuə-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: UK /ˈfjuː.tʃə/, US /ˈfjuː.tʃɚ/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|future]] (also [[m|enm|futur]]), [[bor|fro|futur|t=future, to come]] and directly [[bor|la|futūrus|t=about to be]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) the irregular future participle of [[m|la|esse|t=to be]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(MWU 2024) formed on the stem [[m|la|fu-]],^(COED 2004)^(Hoad 1986) from [[ine-pro|*bheuə-|t=to be, exist, grow]].^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) It is related to [[be]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Both the adjective, “that is yet to be”, and the noun, “time to come”, appear about 1380, in Chaucer's translation of Boethius.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) The noun was modelled on Latin ''futūra'', the neuter plural of ''futūrus''.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In grammar ''future'' has described a tense since the 1520s^(Etymonline) or 1530.^(HTOED) ''Futurity'' is from the 17th century.^(Hoad 1986) From 1733 the adjective could refer to the life after death, as in ''a future state''.^(HTOED) ''Futurist'' is recorded from 1842,^(Barnhart 1988) and ''futurism'' meant the belief that biblical prophecies were still to be fulfilled in the 19th century,^(Hoad 1986) and the Italian art movement from 1909, a term said to have been coined by Filippo Marinetti.^(Barnhart 1988) ''Futurology'' appeared in 1946 in a letter by Aldous Huxley, but caught on only in the late 1960s.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1380 – adjective and noun (Chaucer).^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1520s – of grammatical tense.^(Etymonline)

+ * 17th century – ''futurity''.^(Hoad 1986)

+ * 1733 – of the life to come.^(HTOED)

+ * 1842 – ''futurist''.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1909 – ''futurism'' in art.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1946 – ''futurology'' (Huxley).^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The time yet to come.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # What will happen in time to come.^(AHD)

+ # Prospects of success or advancement: ''a career with a future''.^(AHD)

+ # ''(plural)'' Goods or stocks bought or sold for delivery at a later date.^(AHD)

+ # ''(grammar)'' The future [[tense]].^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # That is to be or to come; of or existing in later time.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[futurama]]

+ * [[futureless]]

+ * [[futurism]]

+ * [[futurist]]

+ * [[futurology]]

+ * [[nonfuturistic]]

+ * [[unfuturistic]]

+ * [[futuristic]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[futurity]]

+ * [[be]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}