intolerans Latin · revision 36098

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=2nd/1st century BC, Laevius|origins=la tolerō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈtɔ.ɫɛ.rãːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [inˈtɔː.le.rans]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intolerāns''' (genitive intolerantis, comparative intolerantior, superlative intolerantissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|tolerāns|t1=not|t2=enduring]], the negative of the present participle of [[m|la|tolerō|t=to bear, endure]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan lists ⟨tolerāre⟩ among the derivatives of [[m|la|tollō|t=to lift]], and reports Nussbaum's proposal that it is a Latin present built on the root [[ine-pro|*telh₂-|t=to carry]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first in Laevius,^(TLL) whose ''curis intolerantibus'', “with unbearable cares”, Gellius quotes as used for ''intolerandis''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its usual sense is active, unable to endure, with a genitive of what is not endured.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Livy writes of the Gauls, a people least able to bear heat and dust, and of their bodies wholly unable to bear toil, and says that no one was less able to bear prosperity than Alexander.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Tacitus uses it of a man so proud that he could not bear his superiors, and of Claudius, unable to bear a single life.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) The comparative and superlative appear from Livy on.^(TLL)

+

+ In the passive sense, unbearable, it is found in Laevius and Tacitus, who says how much more unbearable slavery is for those defeated a second time, and Gellius has nothing more unworthy or more intolerable.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It passed into French as ''intolérant'' and into English, where Etymonline dates [[m|en|intolerant]] from 1735.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 2nd/1st century BC – Laevius uses it of unbearable cares.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of Gauls unable to bear heat and toil.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of unbearable slavery.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of something intolerable.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1735 – English borrows [[m|en|intolerant]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # (with genitive) Unable to [[m|en|endure]], [[m|en|impatient]] (of hardship or of conditions).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # [[m|en|insufferable|alt=Insufferable]], unbearable.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[intolerantia]]

+ * [[intolerō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tolerō]]

+ * [[intolerābilis]]

+ * [[intolerandus]]

+ * [[en|intolerant]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}