pernosco Latin · revision 36095

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵnh₃-sḱé-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈnoːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈnɔs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pernōscō''' (present infinitive pernōscere, perfect active pernōvī, supine pernōtum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ An archaic spelling is ⟨pergnōscō⟩,^(Georges 1913) and Plautus has once ⟨percognōscō⟩.^(TLL) Shortened perfect forms are ⟨pernōram⟩ in Plautus and ⟨pernōstī⟩ in Terence.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) The participle ⟨pernōtus⟩ is used as an adjective, well known.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|nōscō|t1=thoroughly|t2=to get to know]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|nōscō]] to [[itc-pro|*gnōske-]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵnh₃-sḱé-|t=to know]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|γιγνώσκω|tr=gignṓskō|t=to know]], [[sa|जानाति|tr=jānā́ti|t=knows]] and [[lt|žinóti|t=to know]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Plautus on, seven times, though Zwierlein thinks all of them spurious, and then in Terence and Cicero;^(TLL) in Plautus' ''Bacchides'' a speaker had not known the greedy host's character thoroughly.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to get to know thoroughly, and in the perfect to know well.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Plautus has ''pernovi equidem ingenium tuum'', “I know your character well”, and Terence uses it of examining a question closely, whether a theft was committed.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) Lucretius uses it of learning thoroughly,^(Conte 2010) and Cicero of reading men's character from the body, the eyes and the face, and of the stirrings of the mind that the orator must know through and through.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ The participle ⟨pernōtus⟩, well known, occurs in Curtius, of a boxer known to the king for his strength, and in Pomponius Mela and Minucius Felix.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the perfect of knowing a character well.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of examining a question closely.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of learning thoroughly.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the orator's knowledge of feelings.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Curtius uses ⟨pernōtus⟩ of a well-known boxer.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To become thoroughly [[m|en|acquainted]] with, get to know well; to [[m|en|examine]] thoroughly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (perfect) To know well, be thoroughly conversant with.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nōscō]]

+ * [[cognōscō]]

+ * [[dignōscō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}