protrudo Latin · revision 36087

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *treud-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proːˈtruː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈtruː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōtrūdō''' (present infinitive prōtrūdere, perfect active prōtrūsī, supine prōtrūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prō-|trūdō|t1=forward|t2=to thrust]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) [[m|la|trūdō]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*treude/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*treud-|t=to push, thrust]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan compares [[cy|cythrudd|t=to vex]], [[lt|triū̃sas|t=work, effort]] and [[non|þrjóta|t=to lack]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis and Short quote a line of the comic poet Afranius about someone thrust out of the house, but the TLL marks that reading as doubtful.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Lucretius uses it of the body being pushed forward,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and Cicero of someone who pushes a cylinder and so gives it the beginning of its motion.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is to push forward:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Horace has a man who pushed his donkey onto the rocks, Vitruvius stones that do not push the work outward, and Gellius south winds that drive the waves on.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) It also meant to thrust out: Phaedrus has someone thrown out of doors head first, and Ammianus someone thrust out of doors.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it of time, of putting off elections to January.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ English [[m|en|protrude]] comes from it; it is recorded from the 1610s, first in the sense to thrust forward.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the body being pushed forward.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of pushing a cylinder and of putting off elections.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 15 BC–c. 50 AD – Phaedrus uses it of someone thrown out of doors.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus uses it of being thrust out of doors.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1610s – English borrows [[m|en|protrude]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To push or thrust [[m|en|forward]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To thrust or drive out, [[m|en|expel]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # (of time) To put off, [[m|en|postpone]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[trūdō]]

+ * [[dētrūdō]]

+ * [[obtrūdō]]

+ * [[en|protrude]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}