Vortrag German · revision 36076

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1503}}

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+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈfoːɐ̯ˌtʁaːk/^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''Vortrag''' ''m'' (genitive Vortrages or Vortrags, plural Vorträge)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a noun formed from the verb [[vortragen]], which could be narrowed to the sense “put forward in words”.^(Kluge 2011|964)^(Wiktionary DE) The verb is [[inh|gmh|vürtragen]], [[inh|goh|furitragan]], a compound of [[vor]] and [[tragen]].^(DWB|26, 1762)^(Paul 2002) Middle High German has no such noun, although the verb in the sense “set out in words” is older; the noun also had the form [[Fürtrag]], and the present form spread only in the 17th century, while the older prefix disappeared from the written language during the 18th.^(DWB|26, 1754)^(DWB|26, 1762) [[da|foredrag]] was borrowed from German.^(DWB|26, 1754)

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+ The simple verb is [[gmh|tragen]], [[goh|tragan]], from [[gem-pro|*draganą|t=to draw, pull, carry]], the same verb as [[got|𐌳𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽|tr=dragan]], [[osx|dragan]], [[nl|dragen]], [[ang|dragan|t=to drag, draw]] and [[non|draga|t=to draw]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Orel 2003) Pfeifer reconstructs [[ine-pro|*dʰerāgʰ-|t=to draw, drag along the ground]] and notes that connections outside Germanic are not certain;^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD) Kroonen calls it an o-grade intensive verb with no clear etymology, and rejects the comparison with [[la|trahō|t=to pull]] because of its initial /t/.^(Kroonen 2013)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Paul cites ''Vortrag'' meaning “speech” from 1503.^(Paul 2002) The Grimms' dictionary has it from 1628 (Zincgref's ''Apophthegmata'') and 1648 (Rist), and Schottel's grammar of 1663 glosses it as Latin ''propositio''.^(DWB|26, 1754) In the older language it meant a statement put forward in words: an assertion, a thesis, a declared wish or a proposal.^(DWB|26, 1754)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Adelung (1793) distinguishes three senses: the act of presenting something, as when an official reports to the prince or a matter is laid before a council; the manner of presenting it, including the speaker's bearing and gestures; and what is presented, a connected series of statements.^(Adelung 1793) The old sense “proposal”, still found in the young Goethe, later fell out of use.^(DWB|26, 1754) From the 18th century ''Vortrag'' also meant a musical performance, as ''vortragen'' did from the end of that century.^(Paul 2002) The usual sense today is a talk or lecture on a subject; the bookkeeping sense, a balance carried forward, is a term of commerce.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1503 – ''Vortrag'' in the sense “speech”.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 16th century – Kluge's date for the noun.^(Kluge 2011|964)

+ * 1628 – Zincgref uses ''Vortrag''.^(DWB|26, 1754)

+ * 1663 – Schottel lists ''Vortrag'' for Latin ''propositio''.^(DWB|26, 1754)

+ * 18th century – A musical performance; the spelling ''Fürtrag'' disappears from the written language.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|26, 1762)

+ * 1793 – Adelung describes the sense “manner of delivery”.^(Adelung 1793)

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+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|talk]] or [[m|en|lecture]] on a subject, often a scholarly one: ''Die Professorin hielt einen Vortrag über Vulkane.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|performance]] or delivery of a poem, a piece of music or a routine: ''Ihr Vortrag des Liedes war sehr ruhig.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # A report to a superior: ''Vortrag beim Minister haben''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Adelung 1793)

+ # ''(commerce)'' A balance carried forward to a new account.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vortragen]]

+ * [[tragen]]

+ * [[Fürtrag]]

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}