Öffentlichkeit German · revision 36072

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1765, Sonnenfels}}

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+ ==Forms==

+ '''Öffentlichkeit''' ''f'' (genitive Öffentlichkeit, no plural)^(Wiktionary)

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+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|de|öffentlich|-keit]] in the 18th century, as a German replacement for [[Publizität]].^(Kluge 2011|666)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|13, 1183) The adjective [[öffentlich]] is [[inh|gmh|offenlich]], [[inh|goh|offanlīh]], a derivative of [[offen]] in the sense “lying before the eyes”; the /t/ is a glide that appears from about 1300, and the umlaut from the 15th century.^(Kluge 2011|666)^(Pfeifer 1993) That adjective is [[gmh|offen]], [[goh|offan]], from [[gem-pro|*upanaz|t=open]], the same word as [[osx|opan]], [[ang|open]] and [[non|opinn]]; it is perhaps formed with a suffix in /n/ from the adverb [[auf]], as “drawn or lifted up”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007)^(Köbler AHD)

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+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Paul gives the first record from Joseph von Sonnenfels in 1765;^(Paul 2002) Adelung entered the word in 1777, and Heynatz still objected to it in 1797.^(Paul 2002) It first meant the quality of being public, of happening openly: A. W. Schlegel counts ''die Öffentlichkeit'' of an action among what makes it complete.^(DWB|13, 1183)^(Adelung 1793)

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+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ At the beginning of the 19th century ''Öffentlichkeit'' became a political catchword in the struggle for public jury trials.^(Paul 2002) Kluge notes that the adjective ''öffentlich'' itself took on its political sense, “made accessible to the public”, only late.^(Kluge 2011|666) Goethe still used a plural, ''Öffentlichkeiten'', for public acts and ceremonies.^(DWB|13, 1183) The main modern sense is the public, the people as a whole before whom things become known;^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden 7 2007) ''Öffentlichkeitsarbeit'', a loan translation of English ''public relations'', dates from the second half of the 20th century.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden 7 2007)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1765 – Joseph von Sonnenfels uses ''Öffentlichkeit''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1777 – Adelung records the word.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1797 – Heynatz's ''Antibarbarus'' objects to it.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Early 19th century – A catchword in the debate about public trials.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Second half of the 20th century – ''Öffentlichkeitsarbeit'' after English ''public relations''.^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|public]]; the people as a whole, before whom something is known or to whom it is open: ''Die Pläne wurden der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The quality of being public, of being open to the public: ''die Öffentlichkeit der Gerichtsverhandlung''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Öffentlichkeitsarbeit]]

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+ ==Related words==

+ * [[öffentlich]]

+ * [[offen]]

+ * [[veröffentlichen]]

+ * [[Veröffentlichung]]

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+ ==Usage notes==

+ ''In aller Öffentlichkeit'' means “in full public view”, and ''unter Ausschluss der Öffentlichkeit'' “behind closed doors”, of a trial or meeting.^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''An die Öffentlichkeit treten'' is to come before the public, for instance with a first book.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

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+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}