Studie German · revision 36069

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=1794|origins=la studeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʃtuːdi̯ə/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Studie''' ''f'' (genitive Studie, plural Studien)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a back-formation from the plural of [[Studium]], with a change of gender, at the end of the 18th century.^(DFWB)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden 7 2007) That noun is from [[la|studium|t=zeal, eager pursuit; study]], a noun of [[m|la|studeō|t=to be eager for, apply oneself to]], the source of [[studieren]], borrowed in the 13th century.^(Kluge 2011|894)^(Duden 7 2007)^(DFWB) The plural was used in the sense of the results of studying a subject, as in compounds such as [[Studienreise]], and its new singular took this concrete meaning.^(DFWB)^(Duden 7 2007) [[Studio]] came by another route, from [[it|studio]].^(Kluge 2011|894)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch's first record is of 1794, of an artist's studies from nature, still in the plural: ''zwei Studien nach der Natur'' for the head of Portia.^(DFWB) The Grimms' dictionary finds the singular ''Studie'' only from the beginning of the 19th century, first in the fine arts as a practice piece or model to be copied: Heinrich von Kleist wrote that a body could serve an artist as a ''Studie''.^(DWB|20, 271)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In painting and drawing ''Studie'' came to mean a first attempt, a sketch for a larger work, and Gottfried Keller and Mörike use it of an artist's sketches;^(DWB|20, 271) Stifter treats it as an art form of its own.^(DWB|20, 271) In music it meant a study or étude, as in Robert Schumann.^(DWB|20, 271)^(DFWB) Later came the scholarly and literary sense, a piece of preparatory work, which led to the modern main sense, a scholarly investigation of a particular question.^(DWB|20, 271)^(Duden GWDS 1999) In chess a ''Studie'' is a composed endgame position.^(DFWB)^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 13th century – ''studieren'' is borrowed from Latin.^(Kluge 2011|894)

+ * 1794 – ''Studien nach der Natur'', artist's studies.^(DFWB)

+ * Early 19th century – The singular ''Studie'' appears, first in the fine arts.^(DWB|20, 271)

+ * 19th century – Used in music of an étude.^(DWB|20, 271)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A scholarly [[m|en|study]], an investigation of a particular question: ''Eine neue Studie untersucht den Schlaf von Schulkindern.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|sketch]] or preparatory work for a larger work, especially of art: ''Der Maler fertigte mehrere Studien von Händen an.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(chess)'' A composed endgame.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Vorstudie]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Studium]]

+ * [[studieren]]

+ * [[Student]]

+ * [[Studio]]

+ * [[Etüde]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}