normal German · revision 36065

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=early 18th century|origins=la nōrma}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /nɔrˈmaːl/, [nɔʁˈmaːl], [nɔɐ̯-]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''normal''' (strong nominative masculine singular normaler, comparative normaler, superlative am normalsten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|nōrmālis|t=made with the carpenter's square, (Late Latin) according to the rule]], probably also influenced by [[fr|normal]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) The Latin adjective comes from [[m|la|nōrma|t=carpenter's square; rule, standard]], which German borrowed in the 14th century as [[Norm]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|659)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ Kluge calls the origin of the Latin noun unclear.^(Kluge 2011|659) Duden derives it, probably through Etruscan, from [[grc|γνώμων|tr=gnṓmōn|t=judge; standard, carpenter's square]], in the accusative [[m|grc|γνώμονα|tr=gnṓmona]], from [[m|grc|γιγνώσκω|tr=gignṓskō|t=to know, judge]].^(Duden 7 2007)^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The adjective is recorded from the beginning of the 18th century, meaning “according to the norm, as prescribed, regular”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE) The Grimms define it as “serving as a norm or conforming to it, regular”, with phrases such as ''normale Größe'' and ''normaler Zustand''.^(DWB|13, 899)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From “conforming to the rule” the word widened to “usual, ordinary, average” and “mentally healthy”.^(Pfeifer 1993) The sense “mentally and physically sound” is now marked as dated, and the angry question ''bist du noch normal?'' is colloquial.^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)^(Duden GWDS 1999) In colloquial speech ''normal'' is also used for [[normalerweise]] “usually”.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Technical compounds such as ''Normalbreite'' appear in Jacobsson's 18th-century technological dictionary.^(DWB|13, 899) The verb [[normalisieren]] was taken from [[m|fr|normaliser]], in the 19th century according to Pfeifer and in the 20th according to Duden.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2007) The neuter noun ''Normal'' names a precise standard measure and, short for ''Normalbenzin'', regular petrol.^(Duden GWDS 1999) Silesian borrowed the word as ''normalny''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 14th century – Latin ''nōrma'' is borrowed as ''Norm''.^(Kluge 2011|659)

+ * Early 18th century – First record of ''normal''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ * Early 19th century – The verb ''normieren'' “to standardize” appears.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 19th century – ''normalisieren'' is taken from French.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 20th century – ''normen'' replaces the older ''normieren''.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Conforming to the [[Norm]], as prescribed, [[m|en|regular]]: ''Ihr Blutdruck ist wieder normal.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # Usual, [[m|en|ordinary]], the way people generally expect: ''Unter normalen Umständen dauert die Fahrt eine Stunde.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Developing without noticeable deviation; mentally sound.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In a normal way, normally.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Usually, as a rule, for [[normalerweise]]: ''Normal fahre ich mit dem Rad zur Arbeit.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Interjection===

+ # ''(colloquial)'' Sure, of course, implying that something goes without saying.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[normalerweise]]

+ * [[normalisieren]]

+ * [[Normalität]]

+ * [[anormal]]

+ * [[Normalbenzin]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Norm]]

+ * [[normieren]]

+ * [[abnorm]]

+ * [[enorm]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}