deal English · revision 3606

15 Oct 2026, 19:51 by bogdan “en10k b0027: million … buy” current version
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+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA: /diːl/^(Roach et al. 2011)
+ 
+ {{homograph|1|share; to distribute}}
+ 
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=before 700 (Old English dǣl)|origins=gem-pro *dailaz}}
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The share and the verb “to distribute” are [[inh|enm|del]] and [[m|enm|delen]], [[inh|ang|dǣl|t=a part, share]] and [[m|ang|dǣlan|t=to divide, distribute]],^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(AHD 2000) from [[gem-pro|*dailaz]].^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) Etymonline traces it to [[ine-pro|*dail-|t=to divide]], perhaps a northern extension of a shorter root, or a substrate word,^(Etymonline) and Barnhart suggests an early borrowing from Venetic-Illyrian; outside Germanic only Slavic has similar words.^(Barnhart 1988) Its relatives include [[de|Teil|t=part]] and [[nl|deel]],^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) and in English [[dole]] and [[ordeal]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Klein 1966)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ A part, a share: Old English ''dǣl'', before 700.^(Barnhart 1988) The verb ''dǣlan'', “to divide, distribute”, is from about 725.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ Old English used ''dǣl'' with words such as ''great'' for an extent or amount, the sense of ''a great deal''.^(Etymonline) The verb “to have to do with” is from about 1200, in the ''Ormulum'',^(Barnhart 1988) and “to deliver blows” from the 13th century.^(Hoad 1986) ''Deal with'', “to handle”, is from the mid-15th century.^(Etymonline) Dealing cards is from the 1520s, and the noun for a distribution of cards from about 1600.^(Etymonline) The business sense, “a transaction, a bargain”, is from 1837, at first slang.^(Barnhart 1988)^(Etymonline) Roosevelt's ''New Deal'' dates from his speech of 2 July 1932, ''big deal'' from 1928 (ironic from 1951, in ''The Catcher in the Rye''), and ''deal-breaker'' from 1975.^(Etymonline) ''Dealer'' goes back to about 1000, in Ælfric's ''Glossary''.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * before 700 – Old English ''dǣl''.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * c. 725 – verb ''dǣlan''.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * c. 1000 – ''dealer'' (Ælfric).^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * c. 1200 – to have to do with.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * mid-15th century – ''deal with''.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1520s – to deal cards.^(Etymonline)
+ * 1837 – a business transaction.^(Barnhart 1988)
+ * 1932 – the ''New Deal''.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To give out as shares; to [[distribute]].^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)
+ # To distribute [[playing card|alt=playing cards]] to players.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ # To deliver: ''deal a blow''.^(AHD)^(Hoad 1986)
+ # To do business; to trade, especially in drugs.^(AHD)
+ # ''(deal with)'' To handle, treat or be concerned with.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ===Noun===
+ # An agreement or [[bargain]], especially in business or politics.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ # The distribution of cards, or a player's turn to deal.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ # An indefinite amount: ''a great deal''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ {{homograph|2|plank}}
+ 
+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=late 14th century|origins=gem-pro *þeljōn}}
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ The plank is [[inh|enm|dele]], [[bor|gml|dele|t=plank, floor]] or Middle Dutch [[m|dum|dele]],^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000)^(SOED 2002) which came in through the Baltic timber trade,^(Hoad 1986) from [[gem-pro|*þeljōn]].^(Hoad 1986)^(Etymonline) It is related to [[de|Diele|t=floorboard]] and Old English [[m|ang|þille]],^(SOED 2002) and to English [[thill]].^(Klein 1966)^(MWU 2024)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ A plank or board, especially of fir or pine: late 14th century,^(Etymonline)^(Hoad 1986) and in surnames from the late 13th century.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ A board has been a ''deal'' since 1400,^(HTOED) and since the 17th century the word has also meant the wood itself, fir or pine.^(Hoad 1986)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * late 13th century – in surnames.^(Etymonline)
+ * late 14th century – a plank.^(Etymonline)
+ * 17th century – fir or pine wood.^(Hoad 1986)
+ 
+ ==Modern meaning==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A fir or pine board cut to a standard size; such boards collectively.^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)
+ # [[fir|alt=Fir]] or [[pine]] wood.^(AHD)^(Hoad 1986)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[dole]]
+ * [[ordeal]]
+ * [[thill]]
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}