Haushalt German · revision 36058

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=15th century}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈhaʊ̯shalt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Haushalt''' ''m'' (genitive Haushaltes or Haushalts, plural Haushalte)^(Wiktionary)

+ Early New High German also used it as a neuter, ''das haushalt''.^(FWB)^(DWB|10, 670)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a back-formation from the verb [[haushalten]], Middle High German [[m|gmh|hūshalten]], itself formed from [[Haus]] in the sense “household” and [[halten]].^(Kluge 2011|400)^(Wiktionary) Compare [[gml|hūsholt]], [[nl|huishouden]] (earlier [[m|nl|huishold]]) and [[en|household]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Pfeifer tentatively connects the first noun with [[ine-pro|*(s)kews-|t=to cover, wrap]], making a house “that which covers”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Kluge dates the noun to the 15th century.^(Kluge 2011|400) Early New High German ''haushalt'' meant the household as a community of people living and working together, and also the running of a household.^(FWB) The Grimms quote M. Neander (1582), who advises how one should ''seine hauszhalt führen''.^(DWB|10, 670)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the running of a home the word was applied freely to larger units: the Grimms cite ''der Haushalt eines Staates'', ''der Haushalt der Natur'' and Jacob Grimm's ''der Haushalt einer Stadt'' (1841), and Goethe and Immermann used it of the mind and the feelings.^(DWB|10, 670) In economics it now names the public budget of a state or town, and in biology the balance of a substance in the body.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) It also came to mean the people who live in one household.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 15th century – First record of ''Haushalt''.^(Kluge 2011|400)

+ * 1582 – M. Neander writes of running one's ''hauszhalt''.^(DWB|10, 670)

+ * 1679 – Löhneys's book on government speaks of a “heavy household” and its expenses.^(DWB|10, 670)

+ * 1841 – Jacob Grimm writes of ''der Haushalt einer Stadt''.^(DWB|10, 670)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The running of a home, [[m|en|housekeeping]]: ''Sie führt ihrem Vater den Haushalt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A system in balance: ''der Wasserhaushalt des Körpers'', ''der Haushalt der Natur''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|household]], the people living together in one home: ''Fast jeder Haushalt besitzt einen Kühlschrank.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(economics)'' The [[m|en|budget]] of a state, town or public body: ''Der Stadtrat beschloss den Haushalt für das nächste Jahr.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[haushalten]]

+ * [[Haushälter]]

+ * [[haushälterisch]]

+ * [[haushaltlich]]

+ * [[Haushaltung]]

+ * [[Haushaltsplan]]

+ * [[Haushaltsjahr]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Haus]]

+ * [[halten]]

+ * [[en|household]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}