exsicco Latin · revision 36057

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la siccus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛksˈsɪk.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈsik.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsiccō''' (present infinitive exsiccāre, perfect active exsiccāvī, supine exsiccātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ⟨exiccō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|siccō|t1=out, thoroughly|t2=to dry]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|siccus|t=dry]], whose origin he calls uncertain: he weighs [[ine-pro|*si-sk-u-|t=dry]], beside a root [[m|ine-pro|*sek-|t=to dry up]], against the older connection with [[m|ine-pro|*seikʷ-|t=to pour]] that Pokorny made.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Annales'' use it in a figurative phrase of the Roman youth drying itself out of sleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense is to make dry or dry up: Cicero has trees dried out in winter, Lucretius the sun drying wet clothes, and Ovid rivers dried up.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Seneca uses it of drying a mother's eyes, and Cicero, figuratively, of a dry, spare style of speaking.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ It also meant to drain a vessel or to drain off a liquid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cato's farm manual tells the reader to drain off the water on the tenth day,^(OLD 2012) Quintus Cicero writes of flagons emptied on the sly, and Horace of a merchant draining wine from golden cups.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Seneca uses it of drunkenness passing off until it ends in sleep.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The Vulgate has ''spiritus tristis exsiccat ossa'', “a gloomy spirit dries up the bones”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ecclesiastical Latin kept the sense to dry up.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|exsiccate]] comes from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it in a figurative phrase in the ''Annales''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of draining off water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the sun drying clothes.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of draining wine from cups.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of a gloomy spirit drying up the bones.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1540s – English borrows [[m|en|exsiccate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make [[m|en|dry]], dry up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To [[m|en|drain]] or empty (a vessel).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To draw off (a liquid); (of drunkenness) to pass off.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exsiccātiō]]

+ * [[exsiccātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[siccus]]

+ * [[en|exsiccate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}