obdo Latin · revision 36051

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=la ob, la dō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɔb.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɔb.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obdō''' (present infinitive obdere, perfect active obdidī, supine obditum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD and the TLL analyse it as [[af|la|ob|dō|t1=against|t2=to give]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan points out that in compounds in ⟨-dere⟩ this verb merged with a verb “to put”, from [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put]], so that it is not always certain which of the two such a compound contains.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Naevius' comedies on,^(TLL) where it is used of placing something as a barrier.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to put something in the way as a barrier, often with a dative:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Terence has ''pessulum ostio obdo'', “I slip the bolt on the door”, Seneca speaks of stopping the ears with wax, and Florus of Cato blocking the mouth of the Propontis with ships.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Conte 2010) From this came to shut or fasten a door or house, as in Plautus' ''forem obdo'' and Ovid;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ovid also uses it figuratively: ''nec rigidam timidis vocibus obde forem'', “do not shut a hard door on timid words”.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Apuleius used it of tying up or encumbering, as with hair bound in knots.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Horace has it in the opposite sense, of leaving the flank open to harm.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Lewis and Short note that it is not in Cicero or Caesar,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Paulus' epitome of Festus explains it as to set against or to cover.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it in a comedy.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses ''forem obdo'', “I shut the door”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of slipping a bolt.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of leaving the flank open.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of tying up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put (something) in the way as a barrier, [[m|en|interpose]]; to slip, fasten (a [[m|en|bolt]]).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|shut]], fasten (a door or house).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To restrain by tying; to [[m|en|encumber]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To leave open, expose (to danger).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[obserō#1]]

+ * [[abdō]]

+ * [[condō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}