refercio Latin · revision 36048

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=itc-pro *fark-je-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈfɛr.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈfɛr.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''referciō''' (present infinitive refercīre, perfect active refersī, supine refertum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ⟨refarciō⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|farciō|t2=to stuff, cram]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan derives [[m|la|farciō]] from [[itc-pro|*fark-je-|t=to stuff]]; the only cognate he can think of is [[grc|φράσσω|tr=phrássō|t=to fence in]], which does not quite match in meaning.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it mostly in Cicero,^(TLL) who reminds the jurors in the ''Pro Sestio'' that the sewers were crammed with the bodies of citizens.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to cram or stuff full,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and Lewis and Short note that it is used most often in its past participle ''refertus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it figuratively of filling books with childish fables, of filling human life with every kind of superstition, and of filling many ears with such talk.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(TLL) Pliny the Younger has farmers amazed at full granaries they had not filled themselves,^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Silius Italicus has a man whom Fortune crammed with rich gifts.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) The TLL finds it otherwise only once each in Pliny and Silius before Minucius Felix.^(TLL)

+

+ Later writers used it of filling a treasury, as Lactantius does, and Ambrose of the Magi filling the cradle of Christ with eastern spoils.^(TLL) Lampridius has ''cibo plurimo referciebatur'', of stuffing oneself with food.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of sewers crammed with bodies.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 25–101 AD – Silius Italicus uses it of a man filled with gifts by Fortune.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius uses it of filling a treasury.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 340–397 AD – Ambrose uses it of the Magi's gifts.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|cram]] or [[m|en|stuff]] full, fill up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To fill (books, speech, life) with something.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To pack close together, [[m|en|accumulate]].^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[refertus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[farciō]]

+ * [[cōnferciō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}