refrigero Latin · revision 36047

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *sriHǵ-o/es-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛˈfriː.ɡɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [reˈfriː.d͡ʒe.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''refrīgerō''' (present infinitive refrīgerāre, perfect active refrīgerāvī, supine refrīgerātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|re-|frīgus|t2=cold]], with the suffix of first-conjugation verbs,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) like [[m|la|vulnerō|t=to wound]] from [[m|la|vulnus|t=wound]].^(TLL) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|frīgus]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*srīgos-]] and [[ine-pro|*sriHǵ-o/es-|t=frost, bitter cold]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[grc|ῥῖγος|tr=rhîgos|t=cold, frost]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and the TLL date it from Cato,^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) whose farm manual says to store grain once it has been cooled.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its basic sense is to bring down the temperature of something, to cool or chill:^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro has granaries cooled by wind from below, Cicero a fire thrown into water that is put out and cooled, and Ovid ''sua membra refrigerat unda'', “cools his limbs in the wave”.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Gellius equates it with Greek [[m|grc|ψύχω|tr=psúkhein|alt=ψύχειν]].^(TLL) In medicine it meant to reduce heat or inflammation, or to act as a cooling remedy, as in Celsus and Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Figuratively it meant to make something lose its force, as an accusation that has grown weary and cold in Cicero, or to make a person lose zeal, as in Quintilian and Suetonius;^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Velleius uses it of a man coldly treated by Antony.^(OLD 2012) In Christian Latin it took the senses to refresh, relieve and comfort,^(Stelten 1995)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) and Christian inscriptions in Rome from the 4th century write it in Greek letters.^(TLL) English [[m|en|refrigerate]] comes from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of cooling grain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of fire cooled in water.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of cooling the body.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius uses it of being treated coldly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4th century AD – Christian inscriptions in Rome use it in Greek letters.^(TLL)

+ * 1530s – English [[m|en|refrigerate]] is formed from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|cool]] down, [[m|en|chill]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(medicine)'' To reduce (fever or inflammation); to act as a cooling remedy.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To make (a thing) lose force; to make (a person) lose zeal; to treat coldly.^(OLD 2012)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' To [[m|en|refresh]], relieve, [[m|en|comfort]].^(Stelten 1995)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[refrīgerātiō]]

+ * [[refrīgerātōrius]]

+ * [[refrīgerātrix]]

+ * [[refrīgerium]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[frīgus]]

+ * [[refrīgēscō]]

+ * [[en|refrigerate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}