collibertus Latin · revision 36043

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁leudʰ-ero-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''collībertus''' ''m'' (genitive collībertī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions very often write ⟨conl-⟩, and also ⟨colibertus⟩; the Sullan period has ⟨conleibertus⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|lībertus|t1=with, together|t2=freedman]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists [[m|la|lībertus]] among the derivatives of [[m|la|līber#1|t=free]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*leuþ-ero-]] and [[ine-pro|*h₁leudʰ-ero-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it first, once, in Plautus,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) whose ''Poenulus'' has the promise ''meus collibertus faxo eris'', “I'll make you my fellow freedman”.^(TLL)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a fellow freedman, one freed by the same master.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) The TLL finds it once in Cicero, four times in Petronius, often in the jurists and very often in inscriptions from the age of Sulla on.^(TLL) Cicero has merchants of Puteoli who say that some of their freedmen and fellow freedmen were robbed,^(TLL) and the jurists use it in questions of inheritance and partnership.^(TLL)

+

+ In the early Middle Ages it was used for a free man in his relations with another, and also for a dependant of the lowest unfree class without a holding,^(Niermeyer 1976) a sense that Old French continued in ''cuivert''.^(TLL) In England it rendered the Old English ''gebur'', a freed or half-free peasant, as in Domesday Book; later it was a contemptuous word for a churl.^(DMLBS) Early medieval law codes such as the Bavarian and Lombard laws use it,^(Köbler 2010) and Old High German glosses render it with ''friginoz''.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in the ''Poenulus''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the freedmen of merchants of Puteoli.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it four times.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 639–709 AD – Aldhelm uses it.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A fellow [[m|en|freedman]], one freed by the same master.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A free man in relation to another free man.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A dependant of the lowest unfree class; a freed or half-free [[m|en|serf]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|churl]] (as a term of contempt).^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[collīberta]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lībertus]]

+ * [[līberta]]

+ * [[lībertīnus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}