confercio Latin · revision 36040

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=itc-pro *fark-je-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kõːˈfɛr.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [koɱˈfɛr.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnferciō''' (present infinitive cōnfercīre, perfect active cōnfersī, supine cōnfertum); fourth conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|farciō|t2=to stuff, cram]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists ⟨confercīre⟩ “to pack closely together” among the derivatives of the simple verb, which goes back to [[itc-pro|*fark-je-|t=to stuff]].^(de Vaan 2008) He sees only one conceivable cognate, [[grc|φράσσω|tr=phrássō|t=to fence in]], which does not quite fit in meaning, and allows that the root may not be Indo-European.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan records it from Varro on.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro writes of bees that pack themselves together, licking one another, and Lucretius has the wind cramming clouds together.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis and Short find the finite verb very rare; the perfect participle, used as the adjective [[confertus]] “crowded, dense”, is the classical form.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Pliny the Elder has myrrh packed into bags, and Tacitus has infantry drawn up in close order and a structure densely filled.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Apuleius uses it of raising a shout all together.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ The grammarian Priscian gives the perfect ⟨confersi⟩ and the supine ⟨confertum⟩.^(TLL) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to cram together.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of wind cramming clouds together.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro writes of bees packing themselves together.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder has myrrh packed into bags.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of troops in close order.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it of a shout raised together.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pack closely together, [[m|en|cram]], [[m|en|stuff]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To fill densely.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To raise (a [[m|en|shout]]) in unison.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cōnfertim]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[confertus]]

+ * [[farciō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}