defrico Latin · revision 36036

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la fricō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈdeː.frɪ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈdɛː.fri.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfricō''' (present infinitive dēfricāre, perfect active dēfricuī, supine dēfrictum or dēfricātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The perfect participle is both ''dēfricātus'' and ''dēfrictus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|fricō|t2=to rub]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) That verb, de Vaan suggests, presupposes an adjective in [[itc-pro|*fri-k-]], probably built to the base of [[m|la|friō|t=to crumble]], from [[ine-pro|*bʰriH-o-|t=cut]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan also lists the adverb [[m|la|dēfricātē|t=sharply]] from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Georges cites Cato for scouring a jar.^(Georges 1913) Naevius has the adverb ''defricate'', “with biting wit”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to rub something thoroughly, often with an ointment or the like, and Lewis and Short note that it is mostly technical and absent from Cicero and Caesar.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Catullus and Ovid have it of rubbing the teeth, Celsus of rubbing a pimple with saliva, Columella of wounds and of scouring wine jars, and Pliny the Elder of rubbing skin eruptions with pumice.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) It is also rubbing down a person or an animal: Seneca has a horse rubbed down, and the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' has a man who begins to be rubbed down at the baths.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Horace uses it figuratively, of rubbing the city with much salt, that is, lashing it with wit.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) The Vulgate has a bronze vessel scoured in Leviticus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of scouring a jar.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of rubbing the teeth.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it figuratively of satire.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of scouring wine jars.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of scouring a bronze vessel.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|rub]] thoroughly; to rub (with an [[m|en|ointment]]).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To rub down (a person, an animal); ''(passive)'' to be rubbed down, as at the baths.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|scour]] (a vessel).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To lash with wit.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēfricātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fricō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}