colluctor Latin · revision 36014

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Seneca the Elder|origins=la luctor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔlˈluːk.tɔr], [kɔlˈlʊk.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kolˈluk.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''collū̆ctor''' (present infinitive collū̆ctārī or collū̆ctārier, perfect active collū̆ctātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ⟨conl-⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|luctor|t2=to wrestle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan explains [[m|la|luctor]] as a frequentative built on a participle meaning “bent”, going back to [[itc-pro|*lukto-]] and [[ine-pro|*lug-to-|t=bent]], if this etymology is correct.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Seneca on,^(TLL) first in the elder Seneca's ''Controversiae'', where a soldier who struggled and used force is killed.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to struggle bodily with someone, to wrestle:^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Columella has a mare that should not be able to struggle, and Suetonius writes that Domitian struggled long with Stephanus.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) The younger Seneca uses it of particles colliding to produce wind.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ Figuratively it is to contend with misfortune or hardship: Seneca writes of great men struggling with some calamity and of an old man vigorous in mind who struggles with his frail body,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Columella of struggling with the soil, Gellius of a philosopher struggling with a violent illness, and Pliny the Elder of a poison that fights only with another poison.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Late writers widened it further: Ammianus uses it of armies fighting stubbornly and of the long death struggle of Valentinian, Pelagonius of sick animals writhing, Jerome of raging winds, and Augustine of two laws in conflict.^(TLL)^(Georges 1913) It was borrowed as [[it|colluttare]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of struggling with calamity.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of a struggling mare.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 75–c. 150 AD – Suetonius writes of Domitian struggling with Stephanus.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of a philosopher struggling with illness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus uses it of a long death struggle.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|struggle]] bodily, [[m|en|wrestle]] (with).^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # To [[m|en|contend]] with, fight against (misfortune, illness, hardship).^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Of sick animals, to [[m|en|writhe]]; of laws, to conflict.^(Georges 1913)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[collū̆ctātiō]]

+ * [[colluctator]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[luctor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}