despumo Latin · revision 36012

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la spūma}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːsˈpuː.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [desˈpuː.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēspūmō''' (present infinitive dēspūmāre, perfect active dēspūmāvī, supine dēspūmātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''dispūmō'' also occurs, and is the commoner one in medieval texts.^(TLL)^(MLW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|spūmō|t2=to foam, froth]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The TLL derives it either from the verb or directly from the noun [[m|la|spūma|t=foam]].^(TLL) De Vaan traces that noun to [[itc-pro|*spoimā-|t=foam]] and [[ine-pro|*spoHi-m-]] (or [[m|ine-pro|*speh₃i-m-]]), and compares [[ang|fām|t=foam]], [[goh|feim|t=foam]] and [[lt|spáinė|t=foam]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Virgil on,^(TLL) who in the ''Georgics'' uses it of boiling down sweet must and skimming the surging liquid in the bronze pot with leaves.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short think it was perhaps not used before Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Columella and Pliny the Elder use it of skimming honey, and Manilius of must from pressed grapes.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) By extension Persius uses it of sleeping off untamed Falernian wine, and Vitruvius and Pliny of rubbing down the surface of a pavement with a whetstone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Used intransitively, it meant to throw off foam: Lucan has the moon dropping foam onto the grass.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Seneca applies it to things that stop foaming and settle, such as excessive heat of temper, grief once some tears have been shed, and an age of life that has worked off its vices.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) Vegetius uses it of bleeding an animal,^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Jerome has the participle of someone whose ferment has passed,^(Gaffiot 2016) and the Vulgate (Jude 13) speaks of waves foaming out their own shame.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Medieval writers used it in recipes for skimming liquids, for whipping into foam, and figuratively for satisfying or stirring up.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of skimming boiling must.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Manilius and Columella use it of must and honey.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius uses it of sleeping off wine.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it intransitively, of passion settling down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan has the moon shedding foam on the grass.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 400 AD – Vegetius uses it of bleeding an animal.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|skim]] the froth off (a liquid); to draw foam from.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To let (wine) stop foaming, sleep off.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # To remove surface deposits from; to rub down, [[m|en|polish]] (a pavement).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (intransitive) To give off or deposit foam.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (intransitive, figurative) To stop foaming, settle down, [[m|en|abate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' To [[m|en|bleed]] (an animal).^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To whip into foam;^(MLW) (figurative) to satisfy, allay; to stir up.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēspūmātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[spūma]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}