eluctor Latin · revision 36010

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la luctor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [eːˈɫuːk.tɔr], [eːˈɫʊk.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eˈluk.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēlū̆ctor''' (present infinitive ēlū̆ctārī, perfect active ēlū̆ctātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|luctor|t2=to wrestle, struggle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the simple verb, with some doubt, as a frequentative built on a past participle [[itc-pro|*lukto-]], from [[ine-pro|*lug-to-|t=bent]], and compares [[grc|λύγος|tr=lúgos|t=withy, twigs]]; if this is right, he finds it striking that the vowel shows no trace of lengthening.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short think it was perhaps not used before Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) The earliest quotation in the OLD is from Virgil's ''Georgics'', of water that will force its way out and pass in large drops through wicker.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Livy uses it transitively, of struggling clear of so many strong bands of men;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Silius has it of crossing the Alps, and Tacitus of men struggling through snow and of overcoming the difficulties of the ground as well as the enemy's courage.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Seneca uses it of the Nile forcing its way through narrows, and figuratively of having struggled out of a humble birth.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Tacitus speaks of a man whose words usually seemed to come out with a struggle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Statius has a voice breaking through a frenzy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL notes that the past participle is the form most used, and records an active ''ēluctō''.^(TLL) Medieval writers used it of bursting out, wrenching oneself free, struggling against something, and figuratively of striving.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of water forcing its way out.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it transitively.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of the Nile and of a humble birth overcome.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of snow, rough ground and halting words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # (transitive) To struggle clear of, force one's way through or over;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) (figurative) to [[m|en|surmount]], overcome (difficulties).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To force (a way) out or up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (intransitive) To force one's way out or up, struggle out.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To wrench oneself free; to [[m|en|strive]].^(MLW)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ēlū̆ctābilis]]

+ * [[inēlū̆ctābilis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[luctor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}