enitesco Latin · revision 36009

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la niteō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [eː.nɪˈteːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [e.niˈtɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēnitēscō''' (present infinitive ēnitēscere, perfect active ēnituī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ The spelling ''ēnitīscō'' also occurs.^(TLL)^(MLW)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|nitēscō|t2=to begin to shine]], according to the OLD;^(OLD 2012) the TLL derives it from [[m|la|ēniteō|t=to shine forth]], of which Wiktionary treats it as a variant form.^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Both go back to [[m|la|niteō|t=to shine]], which de Vaan explains as built on a past participle meaning “made bright”, though no known Indo-European root fits its form and meaning.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It appears in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', of glory that shines out more each day, and in Cicero, who says that the outstanding virtue of Marcus Cato shone out in a war.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the literal sense Virgil has the untilled field gleaming once the plough is driven into it, Quintilian has eyes shining with cheerfulness and Gellius the sky growing bright;^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Horace uses it of a woman who grows lovelier as soon as she has sworn a false oath.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Lewis & Short note that it is frequent after Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively Sallust speaks of a new war in which courage could shine out, Quintilian of eloquence growing sleek as if on richer pasture, and Tacitus of people becoming distinguished for eloquence;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Pliny the Elder says countless people have shone in the knowledge of various arts.^(OLD 2012) Medieval writers used it of things and people shining, of standing out, and of becoming evident.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of virtue shining out in war.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of courage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a ploughed field.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95 AD – Quintilian uses it of eyes and of eloquence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of the sky growing bright.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To begin to [[m|en|shine]] forth, grow bright;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) (of animals) to grow sleek.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # (figurative) To become conspicuous, stand out;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) (of people) to [[m|en|distinguish]] oneself, “shine”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To become evident, appear.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ēniteō]]

+ * [[nitēscō]]

+ * [[niteō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A different ''ēnitēscō'', formed from [[ēnītor]] “to strive”, is found in the Latin translation of Theodore of Mopsuestia^(TLL) and in Thietmar's chronicle.^(MLW)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}