epoto Latin · revision 36008

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *peh₃-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [eːˈpoː.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eˈpɔː.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ēpōtō''' (present infinitive ēpōtāre, perfect active ēpōtāvī, supine ēpōtum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the spelling ''expōtus''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|pōtō|t2=to drink]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|pōtus|t=drunk]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*pōto-|t=drunk]] and [[ine-pro|*peh₃-|t=to drink]]; the full grade of the participle was taken from the root aorist.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognates include [[sa|पीत|tr=pītá-|t=drunk]], the Aeolic imperative [[grc|πῶθι|tr=pôthi|t=drink!]] and [[lt|puotà|t=drinking-bout]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) in the spelling ''expōtus'': in the ''Trinummus'' money is said to have been eaten and drunk away (''comēsum, expōtum'').^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In classical Latin only the past participle is used; the first finite form is in Martial.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Gaffiot 2016) Cicero has a poison drunk down and a cup drained, Livy a drug, Quintilian a potion and Suetonius an amphora.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Pliny the Elder tells of three congii drunk at one go.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ Poets use it of things that soak up or swallow liquid: Lucretius of the sun and heat drinking up all moisture, Ovid of Charybdis spewing out the waters it has swallowed and of a river swallowed by a chasm, and Martial of cloaks that have absorbed purple dye.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) Later Trebellius Pollio has the participle ''ēpōtātus'' and Sidonius the future participle ''ēpōtātūrus'';^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Georges 1913) the Vulgate uses it in Ezekiel.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Medieval writers also used it of soaking up, of evaporating and of watering animals.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus has the spelling ''expōtus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the sun drinking up moisture.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a poison and a cup.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of Charybdis and of a river swallowed by the earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial has the first finite form.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To drink down, [[m|en|drain]]; to empty (a vessel) by drinking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|squander]] on drink.^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+ # (of things) To [[m|en|absorb]] (liquid); to swallow up, engulf.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' To evaporate; to water (animals).^(MLW)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pōtus]]

+ * [[ēbibō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}