Sekunde German · revision 35979

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1477|origins=la sequor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Germany: /zeˈkʊndə/^(Wiktionary)

+ * /seˈkʊndɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria, Southern-Germany, Switzerland: [-d̥ɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Sekunde''' ''f'' (genitive Sekunde, plural Sekunden, diminutive Sekündchen n or Sekunderl n)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|secunda]], short for [[m|la|pars minūta secunda|t=second diminished part]], borrowed in the later 15th century.^(Duden 7 2020|773)^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993) Pfeifer names the source as Medieval Latin [[m|la-med|secundum]], a neuter, and Kluge, who dates the word to the 17th century, explains it as made from [[m|la|secundus]] after the phrase [[m|la|secunda pars]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kluge 2011|841) In the sexagesimal system of Ptolemy, dividing an hour or degree by 60 gave the first diminished part, the [[Minute]], and dividing that again by 60 gave the second.^(Duden 7 2020|773)^(DFWB) The adjective “following, second” is an old participle of [[m|la|sequor|t=to follow]].^(Duden 7 2020|773)^(DFWB) The word was at first neuter in German, as in Latin, and became feminine under the influence of the word for “minute” or from the more frequent plural.^(Pfeifer 1993) The same word is [[nl|seconde]], [[en|second]], [[fr|seconde]], [[sv|sekund]] and [[is|sekúnda]].^(Kluge 2011|841)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record, from 1477, is astronomical: a text on Ptolemy gives the sun's apparent diameter in minutes and ''secund''.^(DFWB) A book of commercial arithmetic of 1519 divides each minute into 60 seconds and each second into 60 thirds, using the neuter ''ein jetzlichs secund''.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Besides the unit of time and of angle, the word was used from the 16th century in music for the second note of a diatonic scale and the interval of a second (Simon Rot, 1571), and since the mid-17th century in fencing for a guard position, after French ''seconde''.^(Paul 2002) In printing it named, from 1634, the second or inner forme of a sheet and the signature mark on it.^(Paul 2002) Older German also used ''Secunde'' for a second in a duel and for the second-highest string of a lute.^(DWB|16, 409) The time sense came to stand for a very short moment, as in Schiller's ''in wenigen Sekunden seh ich Madrid'' “in a few seconds I shall see Madrid”, and in phrases such as ''im Bruchteil einer Sekunde''.^(Paul 2002)^(DFWB) The adjective ''sekündlich'' “every second” is recorded from the mid-19th century.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1477 – First record, in an astronomical text on Ptolemy.^(DFWB)

+ * 1519 – A book of commercial arithmetic uses the word as a neuter.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1571 – First use as a musical term.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1634 – First use as a printing term.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Mid-17th century – A fencing position is called ''Sekunde'', after French.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Mid-19th century – The adjective ''sekündlich'' appears.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|second]], the sixtieth part of a [[m|en|minute]] and the base unit of time; abbreviation ''Sek.'', symbol ''s'': ''Der Läufer verfehlte den Rekord um zwei Sekunden.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(colloquial)'' A very short time, a [[m|en|moment]]: ''Ich bin in einer Sekunde fertig.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # ''(music)'' The second note of a diatonic scale, or the [[m|en|interval]] between two neighbouring steps: ''eine große Sekunde'', a whole tone.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(technical)'' The 3600th part of a [[m|en|degree]] of angle; symbol ″.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(printing)'' The number with an asterisk on the third page of a sheet, which shows the binder the order of the sheets.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Sekundenzeiger]]

+ * [[sekündlich]]

+ * [[Schrecksekunde]]

+ * [[sekundenlang]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Minute]]

+ * [[sekundär]]

+ * [[sekundieren]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}