aufgrund German · revision 35968

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=late 18th century, as a phrase; 1899, written as one word}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /a͡ʊfˈɡrʊnt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aufgrund'''^(Wiktionary)

+ Also written ''auf Grund''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound [[af|de|auf|Grund|t1=on|t2=ground, basis]], a young fusion of the phrase with the article, “on the ground of”, which appears at the end of the 18th century; the article was dropped in the second half of the 19th century.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB2|3, 520)^(Wiktionary) The first part continues [[gmh|ūf]], [[goh|ūf]], from [[gem-pro|*upp]], and the second [[gmh|grunt]], [[goh|grunt]], from [[gem-pro|*grunduz|t=ground, bottom]].^(Kluge 2011|71)^(Kluge 2011|378)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Paul's first example of the phrase is from Hippel at the end of the 18th century: ''madam verlangte auf den grund dieses vorzuges ein vollstimmiges ja zur heirath'', “madam demanded, on the strength of this advantage, a full yes to the marriage”.^(Paul 2002) The earliest record written as one word in the Grimms' revised dictionary is from 1899, in the journal ''Das literarische Echo''.^(DWB2|3, 520)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its two senses, “on the basis of” and “because of”, are both recorded in the 20th century.^(DWB2|3, 520) The Duden dictionary listed ''auf Grund von'' with a dative in its 8th edition (1905) and the spelling ''aufgrund'' beside ''auf Grund'' from its 14th edition (1954); writing it separately has stayed common to the present.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB2|3, 520)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 18th century – The phrase ''auf den Grund'' is used in this sense by Hippel.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Second half of the 19th century – The article is dropped.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1899 – First record written as one word.^(DWB2|3, 520)

+ * 1905 – The Duden dictionary lists ''auf Grund von''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1954 – The Duden dictionary admits the spelling ''aufgrund''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with genitive)'' [[m|en|because of|alt=Because of]], owing to: ''Aufgrund des Streiks fielen viele Züge aus.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with genitive)'' On the basis of: ''Aufgrund der Messungen ließ sich das Alter bestimmen.''^(DWB2|3, 520)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''aufgrund von'': because of, owing to: ''aufgrund von Bauarbeiten''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[auf]]

+ * [[Grund]]

+ * [[wegen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}