tätig German · revision 35959

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=16th century|origins=ine-pro *dʰeh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈtɛːtɪç/, /ˈteːtɪç/, /ˈtɛːtɪk/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tätig''' (strong nominative masculine singular tätiger, not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older spelling: '''thätig'''.^(Adelung 1793)^(DWB|21, 318)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a derivation [[af|de|Tat|-ig|t1=deed, act]].^(Wiktionary)^(Kluge 2011|908) As an independent word it appears only in the 16th century; before that [[m|gmh|tætic]] and Old High German [[m|goh|tātīg]] occurred only at the end of compounds, such as [[m|gmh|übeltætic]], [[m|goh|ubiltātīg]] and [[osx|meindādīg]].^(Duden 7 2007)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DWB|21, 318)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The base [[Tat]] is [[gmh|tāt]], [[goh|tāt]], from [[gem-pro|*dēdiz]], also found in [[got|𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌴𐌸𐍃|tr=gadēþs]], [[non|dáð]] and [[ang|dǣd]], whence [[en|deed]].^(Kluge 2011|908)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) It is an abstract noun with the suffix ⟨-ti-⟩, formed from [[tun]] in another ablaut grade.^(Kluge 2011|908) Pfeifer and Köbler trace it to the root [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-|t=to put, set, place]], which also gave [[grc|θέσις|tr=thésis|t=a setting, proposition]] and [[lt|dėtis|t=load, freight]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Köbler AHD)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Early New High German used ''tätig'' for “diligent, busy, thorough”.^(FWB) Among the oldest records the Grimms' dictionary quotes the Swiss lexicographer Maaler for ''thätig arbeitsam händ'' “active, industrious hands”, and Hans Sachs for a woman who is ''nit hurtig und nit thetig'' “neither quick nor busy”.^(DWB|21, 318)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Paul notes that at first the word was used like [[tätlich]], which until the 18th century could also mean “active”, but then narrowed to “violent, coming to blows”.^(Paul 2002) Adelung, around 1800, explains ''thätig'' as showing one's being through deeds, with religious uses such as ''der thätige Glaube'' and ''thätige Sünden'' “sins of commission”, and notes that in Upper German it also meant “effective”, as of a medicine.^(Adelung 1793) In the 18th century, Paul says, the active life was a mark of the middle class as opposed to the nobility, and today the word refers mainly to working life.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ The noun [[Tätigkeit]] is recorded by Stieler in the 17th century, and ''Tätigkeitswort'' “active verb” by Sanders.^(Paul 2002) The verb [[tätigen]] dates from the end of the 18th century and has been mainly a commercial word since the early 20th, as in ''einen Abschluss tätigen''.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden 7 2007)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 9th–10th century – Old High German ''-tātīg'' occurs in compounds.^(Wiktionary DE)^(DWB|21, 318)

+ * 16th century – ''tätig'' appears as an independent word.^(Duden 7 2007)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 17th century – Stieler records ''Tätigkeit''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 18th century – ''tätig'' becomes a mark of the active middle-class life.^(Paul 2002)

+ * Late 18th century – First record of ''tätigen''.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Working, employed in a job: ''Sie ist als Ärztin in einer Klinik in Hamburg tätig.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Busy doing something; of a [[m|en|volcano]], still [[m|en|active]]: ''Der Ätna ist noch immer tätig.'' Fixed phrase: ''tätig werden'' (especially official language), to step in, take action.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Energetic, always busy: ''ein tätiger Mensch''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Shown in deeds, [[m|en|practical]]: ''tätige Hilfe''.^(Duden GWDS 1999) Fixed phrase: ''tätige Reue'' (law), active repentance that undoes the harm of an offence.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Tätigkeit]]

+ * [[tätigen]]

+ * [[betätigen]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Tat]]

+ * [[tätlich]]

+ * [[Täter]]

+ * [[tun]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}