teilnehmen German · revision 35957

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Old High German, as teil neman|origins=gem-pro *dailiz, gem-pro *nemaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [ˈtaɪ̯lneːmən]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''teilnehmen''' (class 4 strong, third-person singular present nimmt teil, past tense nahm teil, past participle teilgenommen, past subjunctive nähme teil, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+ Older spelling: '''theilnehmen'''.^(Wiktionary)^(DWB|21, 361)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound [[af|de|Teil|nehmen|t1=part|t2=to take]], from the phrase [[m|gmh|teil nemen]], [[m|goh|teil neman|t=to take part in, have a share in]], which took a genitive.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Schützeichel 2012|330)^(Paul 2002) Paul notes that until the 19th century it was often written separately.^(Paul 2002) Wiktionary takes it as a calque of [[la|participō|t=to take part]], comparable with [[nl|deelnemen]] and [[en|take part]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The first part goes back to [[gmh|teil]], [[goh|teil]], from [[gem-pro|*dailiz]], also found in [[got|𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃|tr=dails]] and [[ang|dǣl]], whence [[en|deal]].^(Kluge 2011|911)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) Kluge finds that only [[cu|дѣлъ|tr=dělŭ|t=part]] matches the Germanic form exactly, and it may be a loan from Germanic; [[lt|dalis|t=part]] lacks the diphthong, and [[sa|दयते|tr=dáyate|t=divides]] and [[grc|δαίομαι|tr=daíomai|t=I divide]] begin differently.^(Kluge 2011|911) Pfeifer leaves open a root meaning “to divide” or a borrowing from a substrate language.^(Pfeifer 1993) The second part is [[m|gmh|nemen]], [[m|goh|neman]], from [[m|gem-pro|*nemaną]], whose outside connections Kluge calls unclear.^(Kluge 2011|651)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Schützeichel records ''teil neman'' with the genitive, “to take part in, to share in”, among the uses of ''teil'' in the Old High German texts, beside ''teil habēn'' “to have a share”.^(Schützeichel 2012|330) Paul likewise dates ''teilnehmen'' and ''teilhaben'' to Old High German.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Like ''Anteil nehmen'', the verb was also used figuratively for “to feel with, sympathise”, as in Goethe's ''gegenwärtig wollten wir nur freudig theilnehmen'' “for now we wished only to share joyfully”.^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|21, 361) The infinitive was used as a noun as well, as in Karl Philipp Moritz's ''Anton Reiser''.^(DWB|21, 361) The present participle ''teilnehmend'' “sympathetic” keeps this sense, while the main use today is being present at an event or taking part in it.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Old High German – ''teil neman'' “to take part in” is recorded in the texts.^(Schützeichel 2012|330)^(Paul 2002)

+ * 18th century – Goethe uses ''theilnehmen'' for sharing in someone's feelings.^(DWB|21, 361)

+ * 19th century – The compound becomes fixed as one verb.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be present at an event, to [[m|en|attend]]: ''an der Trauerfeier teilnehmen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|participate]] actively in an undertaking or event: ''an einem Marathon teilnehmen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take part as a learner: ''Sie nimmt an einem Spanischkurs teil.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # To share in someone's feelings, to [[m|en|sympathise]]: ''an jemandes Kummer teilnehmen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999) Often in the present participle: ''teilnehmende Worte''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Teilnehmer]]

+ * [[Teilnahme]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Teil]]

+ * [[nehmen]]

+ * [[teilhaben]]

+ * [[Anteil]]

+ * [[teilen]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}