dehortor Latin · revision 35934

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la hortor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deˈ(ɦ)ɔr.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈɔr.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dehortor''' (present infinitive dehortārī, perfect active dehortātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Terence scans it with the first syllable elided, and Ennius splits it by tmesis (''dē mē hortātur'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|hortor|t2=to urge, encourage]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan explains the simple verb as a frequentative of [[m|la|horior|t=to urge]], from a participle ⟨*hortus⟩ or by syncope of ⟨horitāre⟩, and traces it to [[itc-pro|*χerj-]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵʰer-i-|t=to enjoy]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) who uses it absolutely in the ''Captivi'' (''haud dehortor'', “I don't advise against it”).^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to advise someone against a course of action, to [[m|en|dissuade]], with ''nē'' or an infinitive: in Ennius Hannibal “advises me not to make war”, and Terence and Cato the Elder use it in the same way.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Its subject can also be circumstances that hold someone back: Cicero writes that the matter itself will invite or deter him, and Sallust that his fortune dissuades him from writing more about Jugurtha.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Medieval Latin kept both uses, of people dissuaded and of things prevented.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it absolutely.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius splits it by tmesis.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato the Elder uses it with an infinitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of circumstances that deter.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust says his fortune dissuades him from writing more.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To advise against a course of action, [[m|en|dissuade]], discourage; with ''nē'' or an infinitive, to advise not to.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of circumstances, to hold back, [[m|en|deter]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dehortātiō]]

+ * [[dehortātīvus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[adhortor]]

+ * [[cohortor]]

+ * [[exhortor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}