desaevio Latin · revision 35933

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la saevus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈsae̯.wi.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈs̬ɛː.vi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēsaeviō''' (present infinitive dēsaevīre, perfect active dēsaevīvī or dēsaeviī, supine dēsaevītum); fourth conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dē-|saeviō|t2=to rage]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The simple verb comes from [[m|la|saevus|t=savage]], which goes back to [[itc-pro|*saiwo-]] and [[ine-pro|*seh₂i-uo-|t=savage]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in Virgil and Horace,^(TLL) and Lewis & Short note that it is not used before Augustus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In the ''Aeneid'' the winter storm “rages on the sea” (''pelagō dēsaevit hiems'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to rage violently or to work off one's rage: Virgil uses it of Aeneas raging victorious over the whole plain, Horace of a tragic poet who rants in his art, and Lucan of a witch raging greedily over all the limbs.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Columella uses it of young bullocks left to rage for a day and a night, and Suetonius has it in his life of Nero.^(TLL) Lucan once uses it in the opposite sense, “to cease raging”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Christian writers use it of persecution and of the wrath of God: Tertullian has it of the rage against the Christians, and the Vulgate asks “will your anger rage against all?”.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Medieval Latin applied it to people, the devil and the forces of nature.^(MLW)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a storm and of Aeneas in battle.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of a ranting tragic poet.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan uses it both for raging and for ceasing to rage.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian uses it of rage against the Christians.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 390–406 AD – The Vulgate uses it of the wrath of God.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|rage]] violently; to work off or vent one's [[m|en|anger]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To cease raging.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The expanded commentary of Servius explains the verb in Virgil as “rages greatly”, but notes that elsewhere it means “stops raging”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}