permutatio Latin · revision 35915

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86/82 BC, Rhetorica ad Herennium|origins=itc-pro *moito-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛr.muːˈtaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [per.muˈtat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''permūtātiō''' ''f'' (genitive permūtātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|permūtō|-tiō|t1=to change completely, exchange]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Bianchi & Lelli 2014) De Vaan lists ⟨permūtāre⟩ among the compounds of [[m|la|mūtō|t=to change, exchange]], which, like [[m|la|mūtuus|t=borrowed, mutual]], presupposes a noun ⟨*mūto-⟩ “object of change”, from [[itc-pro|*moito-]].^(de Vaan 2008) He gives two possible further sources, [[ine-pro|*moith2-o-]] from a root “to exchange”, or [[ine-pro|*h2moi-to-]] from another root of the same meaning.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' and Cicero on,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) and the ''Rhetorica'' defines it as a figure of speech: ''permutatio est oratio aliud verbis aliud sententia demonstrans'', a way of speaking that shows one thing in words and another in meaning.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its central sense is reciprocal giving and receiving, interchange,^(OLD 2012) as in Livy's exchange of Roman prisoners for Campanian horsemen^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and Tacitus' barter of goods.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Cicero uses it for the remittance of money by a bill of exchange,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) of the transposition of words that spoils an orator's well-built arrangement,^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) and of a great upheaval in the state, ''magna rerum permutatione impendente''.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) It also meant a thorough alteration or change, as of the colour of the face.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ The TLL notes that it is frequent above all in the language of the jurists, grammarians and philosophers of the later period.^(TLL) Ammianus uses it of a change of horses,^(Georges 1913) and the Vulgate of changes and alternations in the Book of Wisdom.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means exchange, change or alteration,^(Stelten 1995) and British medieval charters use it for an exchange of lands.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of allegorical speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a bill of exchange and of an upheaval in the state.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of an exchange of prisoners.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of the barter of goods.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 390 AD – Ammianus uses it of a change of horses.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1265 – An English record uses it of an exchange of land.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Reciprocal giving and receiving, [[m|en|exchange]], interchange; [[m|en|barter]] of goods.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The giving of something in payment or exchange.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The remittance of money by [[m|en|bill of exchange]].^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # ''(rhetoric)'' Figurative or [[m|en|allegory|alt=allegorical]] language, saying one thing and meaning another.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # Transposition, switch; reversal, upheaval.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+ # A thorough [[m|en|alteration]], change.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[permūtō]]

+ * [[mūtātiō]]

+ * [[commūtātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}