recidivus Latin · revision 35914

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la cadō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [rɛ.kɪˈdiː.wʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [re.t͡ʃiˈdiː.vus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''recidīvus''' (feminine recidīva, neuter recidīvum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ A form ⟨recidŭus⟩ also occurs, and manuscripts often confuse the word with [[redivīvus]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|recidō#1|-īvus|t1=to fall back]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists ⟨recidere⟩ among the compounds of [[m|la|cadō|t=to fall]].^(de Vaan 2008) The ancients were divided: some derived it from falling, others from cutting ([[m|la|caedō|t=to cut]]), and Servius' fuller commentary speaks of trees that sprout again after being cut.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it in verse from Virgil on and in prose from Celsus and Mela on;^(TLL) the first instance is ''recidiva Pergama'', a Pergamum reborn, in the ''Aeneid''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense is “falling back”, used by Mela of seeds that fall back into the soil and renew the crop.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010) The TLL observes that, though by its origin it should refer to falling, it almost always describes things that rise again after a fall, recur or are renewed.^(TLL) Celsus and Pliny the Elder use it of a recurring fever,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Juvenal applies it to money,^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Silius Italicus calls the Romans the reborn race of the Phrygians.^(Georges 1913) Charisius distinguishes ''rediviva'', things that return after their destruction, from ''recidiva'', things restored after their fall.^(TLL) Tertullian uses ''de recidivo'' for “anew”.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means recurring and falling back into the same sin,^(Stelten 1995) and British medieval writers use it of things that recur, such as a storm, an illness or a dispute.^(DMLBS) It continues in Italian ''recidivo''.^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil writes of a reborn Troy, ''recidiva Pergama''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of a recurring fever.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43/44 AD – Mela uses it of seeds that fall back into the soil.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian uses ''de recidivo'' for “anew”.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1173 – John of Salisbury fears a renewed storm, ''recidivam tempestatem''.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # (of seeds) Falling back into the soil.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # Renascent, [[m|en|recurring]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) (of illness) returning, [[m|en|relapse|alt=relapsing]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Restored, rebuilt, reborn.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Falling back into the same sin.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[recidīvātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[recidō#1]]

+ * [[redivīvus]]

+ * [[cadō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}