Reise German · revision 35876

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=863–871, Otfrid|origins=gem-pro *rīsaną}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈʁaɪ̯zə/^(Wiktionary)

+ * Austria: /ˈʁaɛ̯sɛ/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Reise''' ''f'' (genitive Reise, plural Reisen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|reise]], [[inh|goh|reisa]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*raisu|t=journey]].^(Kluge 2011|756)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary) Kluge traces it to [[gem-pro|*raisō|t=departure, journey]], a noun of the strong verb [[gem-pro|*rīsaną|t=to rise]], which is [[got|𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌰𐌽|tr=urreisan|t=to arise]], [[non|rísa]], [[ang|rīsan]] (English [[m|en|rise]]), [[osx|rīsan]] and [[m|goh|rīsan|t=to fall]].^(Kluge 2011|756)^(Pfeifer 1993) The verb, lost in early New High German, meant both rising and falling according to its prefixes, and survives in [[rieseln]].^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|685) A causative of it is [[got|𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=urraisjan|t=to raise up]] and [[ang|rǣran]] (English [[m|en|rear]]).^(Pfeifer 1993) The noun therefore first meant “rising up, setting out, departure”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch) Kluge and Pfeifer derive the verb from the root [[ine-pro|*er-|t=to rise, set in motion]], as in [[la|orior|t=to rise]] and [[grc|ὄρνυμι|tr=órnumi|t=to stir, rouse]];^(Kluge 2011|756)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|685) Duden connects it with the family of [[rinnen]] “to run, flow”.^(Kluge 2011|756)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|685)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''reisa'' first occurs in Otfrid (863–871), of Christ's entry into Jerusalem on a mount, and in a gloss to Gregory's Dialogues for a ride.^(AWB|7, 872)^(Köbler AHD) Schützeichel gives the senses “procession, entry”.^(Schützeichel 2012|258)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Middle High German and older New High German the chief sense was a departure for war and the campaign itself, still very common in the 16th century but unknown to Stieler (1691); Otfrid and Middle Low German, however, already use the word for a journey.^(DWB|14, 718) The military sense lives on in the Swiss ''Reislaufen'' “service as a mercenary abroad” and in ''reisig'' “armed, mounted” and ''Reisiger'' “mounted soldier”.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) Luther's Bible still uses [[reisen]] for setting out: ''Denn wenn sie reisen sollen, so solt ihr drometen'', “for when they are to set out, you shall sound the trumpets”.^(Paul 2002) Old Norse ''reisa'', first in a Norwegian charter of 1344, [[da|rejse]] and [[sv|resa]] are borrowed from German, as is Old French ''raise''.^(DWB|14, 718)^(Pfeifer 1993) Later compounds include ''Reiselust'' (Frisch, 1741), ''Reisepass'' (1815) and [[Reisebüro]] (1893).^(Paul 2002) Dialectal [[pl|rajza]], recorded in 1913, and [[sl|rajža]] are German loans.^(LWP) The jargon sense “drug trip” is a loan translation of the English word.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 863–871 – Otfrid uses ''reisa'' of Christ's entry into Jerusalem.^(AWB|7, 872)^(Köbler AHD)

+ * 1344 – Old Norse ''reisa'', borrowed from German, appears in a Norwegian charter.^(DWB|14, 718)

+ * 16th century – ''Reise'' “campaign” is still very common.^(DWB|14, 718)

+ * 1691 – Stieler no longer records the military sense.^(DWB|14, 718)

+ * 1741 – Frisch records ''Reiselust''.^(Paul 2002)

+ * 1815 – ''Reisepass'' is recorded.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|journey]] or [[m|en|trip]] to a distant place: ''Die Reise nach Lissabon dauerte zwei Tage.'' ''auf Reisen sein'', to be travelling; euphemistic ''seine letzte Reise antreten'', to die.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(jargon)'' The dreamlike state after taking a [[m|en|drug]]; a ''trip''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[reisen]]

+ * [[Reisebüro]]

+ * [[Reiseführer]]

+ * [[Reiseleiter]]

+ * [[Reiselust]]

+ * [[Reisepass]]

+ * [[Reisetasche]]

+ * [[Weltreise]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Abreise]]

+ * [[Anreise]]

+ * [[reisig]]

+ * [[rieseln]]

+ * [[verreisen]]

+ * [[Reisiger]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The saying ''Wenn einer eine Reise tut, so kann er was erzählen'' “whoever makes a journey has something to tell” goes back to Matthias Claudius.^(Duden GWDS 1999) In the salt works of Halle a ''Reise Sole'' was the brine drawn up at one time, and in Low German ''Reise'' also meant “time, occasion”.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}