verändern German · revision 35858

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1150–1190, Heinrich von Melk|origins=ine-pro *ánteros}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fərˈɛndərn/, [fɐˈʔɛn.dɐn], /fɛr-/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''verändern''' (third-person singular present verändert, past tense veränderte, past participle verändert, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|verendern]] (also [[m|gmh|verandern]]), a prefix derivation [[af|de|ver-|ändern]] that is not recorded in Old High German.^(Köbler MHD)^(DWB|25, 72)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The prefix hardly changed the meaning, so that it was used much like the simple verb.^(DWB|25, 72) The base verb belongs to the adjective [[ander]] “other”, [[gmh|ander]], [[goh|ander]], [[gem-pro|*anþeraz]], also found in [[got|𐌰𐌽𐌸𐌰𐍂|tr=anþar]], [[non|annarr]] and [[ang|ōþer]].^(Kluge 2011|43) Outside Germanic it matches [[sa|अन्तर|tr=ántara]] and [[lt|añtras|t=the other, second]], from [[ine-pro|*ánteros]], a contrastive formation in [[m|ine-pro|*-tero-]] on a pronominal stem.^(Kluge 2011|43)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler finds Middle High German ''verendern'' first in Heinrich von Melk (1150–1190) and then often in charters from 1276 on.^(Köbler MHD) Its earliest senses ranged from “to go away, withdraw” and “to bring to another place or into other ownership” to “to change, transform” and “to change one's clothes”.^(Köbler MHD)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Forms without umlaut, ''verandern'', were used beside ''verendern'' into the early 17th century, and Luther still wrote ''verandert'';^(DWB|25, 72) Middle Low German and Dutch have only the unumlauted form.^(DWB|25, 72) The spelling ''verändern'' appears in dictionaries from 1734.^(DWB|25, 72)

+

+ Beside the general sense “to make into something else” older German said ''die Luft verändern'' for going on a journey.^(Paul 2002) The reflexive ''sich verändern'' was used of a person's appearance and nature, and also meant “to get married”, which Paul calls obsolete although Mackensen still listed it in 1952.^(Paul 2002)^(Duden GWDS 1999) Since the 19th century ''sich verändern'' has also meant “to change one's job”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1150–1190 – Heinrich von Melk uses ''verendern''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1276 – The verb appears in charters.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 1524 – The Nuremberg Reichstag acts complain that fashions in clothing ''verendert werden'' almost every year.^(DWB|25, 72)

+ * 1734 – Steinbach's dictionary spells it ''verändern''.^(DWB|25, 72)

+ * 19th century – ''sich verändern'' comes to mean “to change one's job”.^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(transitive)'' To [[m|en|change]] or [[m|en|alter]] something in its nature or appearance: ''Der Umzug hat ihr Leben verändert.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To become different in nature or appearance: ''Die Stadt hat sich sehr verändert.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive)'' To change one's job: ''Nach zehn Jahren bei der Bank wollte sie sich verändern.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(reflexive, obsolete)'' To get married.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Veränderung]]

+ * [[Veränderer]]

+ * [[verändert]]

+ * [[unverändert]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[abändern]]

+ * [[umändern]]

+ * [[ändern]]

+ * [[ander]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}