Verbindung German · revision 35857

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=15th century|origins=ine-pro *bʰendʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /fɛɐ̯ˈbɪndʊŋ(k)/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Verbindung''' ''f'' (genitive Verbindung, plural Verbindungen)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is late Middle High German [[m|gmh|verbindunge]], a noun [[af|de|verbinden|-ung]].^(DWB|25, 123)^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) Middle Low German had [[m|gml|vorbindinge|t=connection, alliance]] at the same time.^(DWB|25, 123)^(Pfeifer 1993) The verb is [[gmh|verbinden]], [[goh|firbintan|t=to wrap round, tie up]], a West Germanic formation also found in [[gml|vorbinden]], [[nl|verbinden]] and [[ang|forbindan]].^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ The simple verb [[binden]], [[gmh|binden]], [[goh|bintan]], continues [[gem-pro|*bindaną]], as do [[got|𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽|tr=bindan]], [[non|binda]] and [[ang|bindan]].^(Kluge 2011|124)^(EWA|2, 72) Its source is [[ine-pro|*bʰendʰ-|t=to bind]], which survives as a verb in [[sa|बध्नाति|tr=badhnā́ti|t=binds]], and elsewhere only in nouns such as [[grc|πεῖσμα|tr=peîsma|t=ship's cable]], [[la|offendix|t=chin band of a priest's cap]] and [[lt|beñdras|t=companion]].^(Kluge 2011|124)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The noun is first recorded in the 15th century, in the sense “obligation”, as in a glossary that renders Latin ''obligatio'' with ''verbendunge''.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|25, 123) Its parent verb meant in Old High German “to wrap round, tie up”, and in Middle High German also “to join together, enclose, bind by obligation”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Early dictionaries use ''Verbindung'' for the act of binding, as in Maaler's ''verbindung der augen'', the blindfolding of one about to be beheaded, and the bandaging of a wound, though Adelung preferred ''das Verbinden'' there.^(DWB|25, 123)^(Adelung 1793) Dasypodius gives it for Latin ''nexus'', a thing that connects; that sense lies behind ''Postverbindung'', ''Eisenbahnverbindung'' and ''Handelsverbindungen''.^(DWB|25, 123) Goethe used the plural for a person's social connections, and Adelung records ''die eheliche Verbindung'' for marriage.^(DWB|25, 123)^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ In chemistry it names a substance formed from several elements, and it is also the name of a student fraternity, the [[Studentenverbindung]].^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE) The telephone connection and the travel connection are among its commonest uses today.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Old High German ''bintan'' is first recorded.^(Kluge 2011|124)

+ * c. 1000 – Old High German ''firbintan'' “to wrap round, tie up”.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 15th century – ''Verbindung'' is first recorded, in the sense “obligation”.^(Pfeifer 1993)^(DWB|25, 123)

+ * Late 18th century – Adelung records ''eheliche Verbindung'' for marriage.^(Adelung 1793)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The act of joining or combining things, or of their combining: ''die Verbindung zweier Rohre durch Schweißen''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # A [[m|en|link]] or [[m|en|joint]] that holds things together: ''Die Lötstelle stellt eine Verbindung zwischen den Drähten her.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # ''(chemistry)'' A [[m|en|compound]], a substance formed from several elements: ''Kochsalz ist eine Verbindung aus Natrium und Chlor.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A route between places; a means of communication, especially a telephone [[m|en|connection]]; a travel connection by train, bus or plane: ''Die Telefonverbindung nach Rom bricht ständig ab.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # A combination;^(Duden GWDS 1999) ''in Verbindung mit'', together with: ''Der Ausweis gilt nur in Verbindung mit dem Pass.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # An [[m|en|alliance]], partnership or marriage: ''Die beiden Familien gingen eine enge Verbindung ein.''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Contacts and relations between people, often in the plural: ''Er hat gute Verbindungen zur Regierung.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # Short for [[Studentenverbindung]], a student [[m|en|fraternity]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Studentenverbindung]]

+ * [[Verbindungsstück]]

+ * [[Verbindungsstraße]]

+ * [[Verkehrsverbindung]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[verbinden]]

+ * [[binden]]

+ * [[Verband]]

+ * [[Bund]]

+ * [[Band]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}