entfernt German · revision 35854

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=late 13th or early 14th century, German mystics|origins=ine-pro *per-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''entfernt''' (strong nominative masculine singular entfernter, comparative entfernter, superlative am entferntesten)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[entfernen]], [[inh|gmh|entverret]], which became fixed as an adjective meaning “far away”.^(Kluge 2011|248)^(DWB2) The verb, recorded from the 13th century as [[m|gmh|entfernen]] and earlier [[m|gmh|entverren]], is a prefix derivation [[af|de|ent-|fern]].^(Kluge 2011|248)

+

+ The adverb [[fern]] goes back to [[gem-pro|*ferrai]], as do [[got|𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍂𐌰|tr=fairra]], [[non|fjarri]] and [[ang|feorr]].^(Kluge 2011|288)^(Duden 7 2020|264) Kluge explains it as a contrastive formation in [[ine-pro|*-ero-]], with an irregular loss of the middle vowel, on [[m|ine-pro|*per-]], which appears in [[grc|πέρα|tr=péra|t=further, beyond]] and [[la|porrō|t=forwards]].^(Kluge 2011|288)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The oldest quotation in the revised Grimms' dictionary, from the German mystics of the late 13th or early 14th century, says that God is ''entverret'' from all materiality, that is, of a different nature.^(DWB2) In the spatial sense “far off, separated” it is quoted from 1638.^(DWB2)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In the 18th century the Grimms' dictionary records ''entfernt'' of places and times, as in ''ein entferntes Land'', and of relatives, as in ''ein entfernter Verwandter'' “a distant relative”.^(DWB|3, 517) Weakened, it came to mean “slight, faint”, as in ''eine entfernte Ähnlichkeit''.^(DWB|3, 517)^(Duden GWDS 1999) The phrase ''weit entfernt, zu …'' “far from doing …” is found in Klinger and Goethe.^(DWB|3, 517) The abstract noun [[Entfernung]], from the participle, has meant “distance” since the 17th century.^(Kluge 2011|248)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 8th century – Kluge's date for the first record of the Old High German forms of ''fern''.^(Kluge 2011|288)

+ * 13th century – The verb ''entfernen'' is first recorded.^(Kluge 2011|248)

+ * Late 13th or early 14th century – First record of the participle ''entverret''.^(DWB2)

+ * 1638 – First record in the spatial sense.^(DWB2)

+ * 17th century – ''Entfernung'' comes to mean “distance”.^(Kluge 2011|248)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|distant]], [[m|en|remote]]; far away: ''aus den entferntesten Dörfern'';^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary) ''nicht im Entferntesten'', not in the least.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # At a given distance; [[m|en|away]]: ''Das Dorf liegt zehn Kilometer entfernt.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Distantly related: ''ein entfernter Cousin''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+ # Slight, faint, vague: ''Ich erinnere mich nur entfernt an ihn.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[entfernen]]

+ * [[Entfernung]]

+ * [[fern]]

+ * [[Ferne]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}