intrinsecus Latin · revision 35848

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la inter, la secus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈtrĩː.sɛ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [inˈtrin.se.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intrīnsecus''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is an adverb formed from ⟨*intrim⟩, a form of [[m|la|inter|t=between, among]], and [[m|la|secus#2|t=alongside]], on the model of [[m|la|extrinsecus|t=from outside]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Conte 2010) Georges and Lewis and Short give its first part as [[m|la|intrā|t=within]],^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879) and Wiktionary as ⟨inter⟩.^(Wiktionary) The grammarian Priscian already derived it from ⟨intrā⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found first in Cato's ''De agricultura'', meaning “on the inside”.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main sense is “on the inside, internally”, as in Lucretius' throats black within, and Celsus' liver that is hollow inside and rounded outside.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) Lewis and Short call it mostly ante-classical and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also meant “from within”, as in the ''Bellum Africum'', where a commander attacks part of the enemy from the inside with his cavalry,^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913) and “inwards”, as in Columella's vine shoots bent towards the inside.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ In Late Latin an adjective ⟨intrinsecus⟩ “inward” appears, first in Cassiodorus,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) and in medieval Latin the adjective meant “internal, interior”, with its neuter used as a noun for the furniture of a house.^(Niermeyer 1976) From the medieval adjective came English [[m|en|intrinsic]], through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it for “on the inside”.^(Conte 2010)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius has throats black inside.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it for “inwards”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 485–c. 580 AD – Cassiodorus uses the adjective ''intrinsecus'' “inward”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 15th century – English takes [[m|en|intrinsic]] from the medieval adjective, through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # On the [[m|en|inside]], internally.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # From within.^(OLD 2012)^(Conte 2010)

+ # To the inside, [[m|en|inwards]].^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' [[m|en|inward]], inner.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|internal]], interior; as a neuter noun, the furniture of a house.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[extrinsecus]]

+ * [[intrā]]

+ * [[inter]]

+ * [[en|intrinsic]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A by-form ⟨intresecus⟩, opposed to ⟨foris⟩ “outside”, is found in an inscription.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}