beenden German · revision 35837

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=1564}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * [bəˈʔɛndn̩], [bəˈʔɛndən]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''beenden''' (third-person singular present beendet, past tense beendete, past participle beendet, auxiliary haben)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|de|be-|enden]].^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE) The Grimms' revised dictionary first records it in 1564, and the Duden etymological dictionary describes it as an 18th-century word of the chanceries, like the parallel [[beendigen]].^(DWB2|4, 465)^(Duden 7 2007) The base verb is [[gmh|enden]], [[goh|entōn]], from the noun [[Ende]], [[gem-pro|*andijaz|t=end]].^(Kluge 2011|245)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The first record is in a letter of 1564 by Primož Trubar, who hopes that the printing of the Carniolan church order will soon be ''beendet'' “completed”.^(DWB2|4, 465) The Grimms' dictionary defines it with Latin ''ad finem adducere'' “to bring to an end”.^(DWB|1, 1242)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ From the start the verb meant to carry something through to its end, and older texts also use it for sealing an agreement: an 1837 book on shepherds' law has a contract ''beendet und abgeschlossen''.^(DWB2|4, 465) A chronicle of the Anabaptists says under the year 1639 that a community leader ''hat auch sein lauf beendet'', meaning he died.^(DWB2|4, 465) Herder (1795), Raabe (1884) and later writers used it of a lawsuit, a reading and a piece of work brought to an end, and an intransitive use “to finish speaking” is rare, as in Liliencron.^(DWB2|4, 465) In computing it is the usual word for closing a program.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1564 – First record, of the printing of a church order.^(DWB2|4, 465)

+ * 1639 – A chronicle uses ''sein lauf beendet'' for a death.^(DWB2|4, 465)

+ * 18th century – The verb spreads as a word of official language.^(Duden 7 2007)

+ * 1795 – Herder writes of a lawsuit that is never ''beendet''.^(DWB2|4, 465)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To bring something to an end; to [[m|en|finish]], [[m|en|complete]], conclude: ''Er beendete seine Ausbildung im Sommer.'' ''einen Krieg beenden''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|terminate]] something, to stop it: ''Die Polizei beendete die Versammlung.''^(Wiktionary)^(Wiktionary DE)

+ # ''(computing)'' To exit or close a program.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Beendigung]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[beendigen]]

+ * [[verenden]]

+ * [[enden]]

+ * [[Ende]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}