Patient German · revision 35835

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1539|origins=la patior}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /paˈt͡si̯ɛnt/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Patient''' ''m'' (genitive Patienten, plural Patienten, feminine Patientin)^(Wiktionary)

+ Beside ''Patient'' a weak form ''Patiente'' was long used, especially in Low and Central German and in dialects.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|la|patiēns|t=suffering, enduring]], the present participle of [[m|la|patior|t=to suffer, endure, put up with]], used as a noun.^(Kluge 2011|688)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2014|622) The Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch derives it from the accusative [[m|la|patientem]], the form also given by the Early New High German dictionary.^(DFWB)^(FWB) The Grimms' dictionary took it from [[fr|patient]] and [[it|paziente]], but the Fremdwörterbuch holds that borrowing from French has not been shown.^(DWB|13, 1503)^(DFWB) The same word is [[en|patient]] and [[sv|patient]].^(Kluge 2011|688) It belongs with [[Passion]], from the same Latin verb.^(Kluge 2011|688)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The word was borrowed in the early 16th century and is first found in medical writings, from Begardi's ''Index sanitatis'' of 1539 and Ryff's books of the 1540s on, meaning a sick person under a doctor's care.^(DFWB)^(Paul 2002)^(DWB|13, 1503) It soon passed into general literature, as in a folk song of 1544 and Fischart's Eulenspiegel of 1572.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Before the loanword German had native terms for the sick, above all [[siech]], and the 15th- and 16th-century glossaries list words for “suffering” and “patient” such as ''lidende'' and ''geduldig''; [[krank]], which first meant “weak, frail”, could easily take over as the German equivalent.^(DFWB) Writers played on the Latin sense: Grimmelshausen says that some sick people cannot be called ''Patienten'' because they lack ''Patientz'', patience.^(Paul 2002) The word was also used figuratively of a thing needing repair, such as a bad clavichord.^(DWB|13, 1503) It was borrowed as [[he|פציינט|tr=patsyent]] with the sense “dubious character”.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1539 – First record, in Begardi's ''Index sanitatis''.^(Paul 2002)^(DFWB)

+ * 1545 – Ryff's cookbook for the sick speaks repeatedly of the ''patient''.^(DWB|13, 1503)

+ * 1572 – Fischart uses the word in a literary work.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|patient]], a person treated or cared for by a [[Arzt|alt=doctor]] or another health professional: ''Die Ärztin hat heute noch vier Patienten.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Patientin]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Passion]]

+ * [[en|patient]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}