procursus Latin · revision 35814

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=70–19 BC, Virgil|origins=la currō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōcursus''' ''m'' (genitive prōcursūs); fourth declension^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prōcurrō|-tus|t1=to run forward]], an action noun.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Virgil and Livy on,^(TLL) Virgil using it of a rapid charge in battle.^(OLD 2012) Köbler cites Lucretius, but the TLL treats that passage as a doubtful conjecture.^(Köbler 2010)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a running forward, especially a charge or sally in battle: Livy uses it of a skirmish that began with the soldiers running forward rather than by plan or on the generals' orders.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Virgil also uses it of the onrush of an axle, and Statius of running in general.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Valerius Maximus transfers it to the outbreak of anger and the first appearance of virtue,^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) and Pliny the Elder uses it in topography for a projection of the coast.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In medieval Latin it meant progress or development,^(Niermeyer 1976) as in Bede and in Henry of Huntingdon on the rise of the kingdom of the Franks.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a charge in battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of soldiers running forward.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a projection.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius uses it of running.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A running forward, especially a [[m|en|charge]] or [[m|en|sally]] in battle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Forward movement, onrush (of things).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' The outbreak (of an emotion); the first appearance (of a quality).^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(topography)'' A [[m|en|projection]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|progress|alt=Progress]], development.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}