clivosus Latin · revision 35800

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Virgil (70–19 BC)|origins=la clīvus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kliːˈwoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kliˈvɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''clīvōsus''' (feminine clīvōsa, neuter clīvōsum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|clīvus|-ōsus|t1=slope, hill]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|clīvus]] to [[ine-pro|*ḱloi-uo-|t=slope, hill]] or [[m|ine-pro|*ḱlei-u̯o-|t=sloping]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It first appears in Virgil's ''Georgics'', of a sloping path and of hilly farmland.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ L&S notes that the word is poetic or belongs to post-Augustan prose.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It described hilly or steep ground, such as Ovid's Olympus and Ida, and Columella sets it against level land.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It could also be used figuratively, “arduous”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Glossaries render it by words for “uneven” and “sloping”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a path and of fields in the ''Georgics''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–AD 18 – Ovid uses it of mountains.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella opposes it to level ground.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|hilly|alt=Hilly]], [[m|en|steep]], full of slopes.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' [[m|en|arduous|alt=Arduous]], difficult.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}