compungo Latin · revision 35799

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus (c. 250–184 BC)|origins=la pungō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kɔmˈpʊŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [komˈpuŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''compungō''' (present infinitive compungere, perfect active compūnxī, supine compūnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|con-|pungō|t2=to prick, sting]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pungō]] to a nasal present [[itc-pro|*pung-|t=to pierce, sting]], from [[ine-pro|*pu-n(e)-g/k-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it of a beard that pricks the lips like bristles: ''quasi saetīs labra mihi compungit barba''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Classical use was literal and rare: to prick or puncture, as with a needle or nettle stings,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) and to mark with points, to [[m|en|tattoo]], as in Cicero's barbarian “marked with Thracian brands”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lucretius uses it of colours that sting the eye, and Cicero of logicians who prick themselves with their own subtleties.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also meant to goad or stimulate the mind.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Late Latin the passive ''compungī'' meant to be stung by conscience, to feel [[m|en|remorse]], from Lactantius and Sulpicius Severus on;^(Lewis & Short 1879) the noun [[compūnctiō]] belongs with this sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ecclesiastical Latin uses it for “to feel remorse, grieve for, be conscience-struck” beside the literal senses.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a beard's bristles pricking the lips.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of tattoo marks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–317 AD – Lactantius uses the passive for being stung by conscience.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 363–c. 420 AD – Sulpicius Severus uses it in the same sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|prick]], puncture all over, sting.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|goad]], stimulate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To mark with points, [[m|en|tattoo]], brand.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Late Latin, passive)'' To feel [[m|en|remorse]], be stung by conscience.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[compūnctiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}