runco Latin · revision 35791

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *h₃ru-n-k-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈrʊŋ.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈruŋ.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''runcō''' (present infinitive runcāre, perfect active runcāvī, supine runcātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*runk-ā-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*h₃ru-n-k-|t=to dig out]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan takes it to be formed from a noun or adjective [[m|itc-pro|*runk-o-]], itself derived from a nasal present of that root; the OLD also suggests the same root with a nasal infix.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|लुञ्चति|tr=luñcati|t=to pluck]], [[grc|ὀρύσσω|tr=orússō|t=to dig, grub]] and [[lv|rūkêt|t=to grub up]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) The carpenter's [[m|la|runcina|t=plane]] probably rests on [[m|grc|ῥυκάνη|tr=rhukánē|t=plane]], influenced by this verb.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in Cato's treatise on agriculture,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) of weeding out thorns.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was a farming word: Varro, Columella and Pliny the Elder use it of weeding crops and fields, and of rooting plants out.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Persius uses it figuratively of plucking the hair from the body,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Conte 2010) and Augustine of mowing grain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to weed out, mow or pluck.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of weeding out thorns.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of weeding crops.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 34–62 AD – Persius uses it of plucking out hair.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it of mowing grain.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To grub up, root out (plants);^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) to [[m|en|weed]] (crops, ground).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To [[m|en|pluck]], strip of hair.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' To [[m|en|mow]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ēruncō]]

+ * [[runca]]

+ * [[runcatiō]]

+ * [[runcātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[runcina]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Georges and Gaffiot give a separate noun ''runcō'', ''-ōnis'', a weeding hook, from this verb; it is found in Palladius and explained by Isidore.^(Georges 1913)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Conte 2010) In medieval Latin ''runco'' or ''ronco'' meant a scythe, a halberd or a grapnel.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}