navicularius Latin · revision 35779

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la nāvis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [naː.wɪ.kʊˈɫaː.ri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [na.vi.kuˈlaː.ri.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''nāviculārius''' (feminine nāviculāria, neuter nāviculārium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ The spellings ''nāviclārius'' and ''nauclārius'' also occur.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|nāvicula|-ārius|t1=small ship]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) [[m|la|nāvicula]] is a diminutive of [[m|la|nāvis|t=ship]], which goes back to [[ine-pro|*neh₂-u-|t=ship]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and the TLL record it first in Varro's ''Menippean Satires'', where a ''nāviculārius'', a [[m|en|shipowner]], bursts into the senate house.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Classical Latin it is mostly a noun, the owner of a merchant ship who carried goods for hire, often named beside the merchants: Cicero recalls that the ancestors often went to war when Roman merchants or shipowners had been wronged.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The feminine ''nāviculāria'' meant the shipping business itself, in Cicero's phrase ''nāviculāriam facere''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ Inscriptions of the imperial period name many such shipowners, and a scholiast on Cicero explains them as those who carried grain.^(TLL) In the late law codes the adjective means “of shipping” or “of shipowners”, as in the ''onus nāviculārium'', the duty laid on them.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913) Ecclesiastical Latin uses the adjective for “of small boats”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it for a shipowner.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero names shipowners beside merchants, and uses ''nāviculāria'' for the shipping trade.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses the word.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 438 AD – The Theodosian Code uses the adjective for the shipowners' burden.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|shipowner]] who carries goods or passengers for hire.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(feminine, nāviculāria)'' The [[m|en|shipping]] business.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''(Late Latin)'' Of ships or shipowners.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}