integumentum Latin · revision 35759

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la tegō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪn.tɛ.ɡʊˈmɛn.tũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in.te.ɡuˈmɛn.tum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''integumentum''' ''n'' (genitive integumentī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The older spelling ''integimentum'' survives as a manuscript reading, for example in Plautus.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|integō|-mentum|t1=to cover over]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) The verb is a compound of [[m|la|in-]] and [[m|la|tegō|t=to cover]],^(Etymonline) which goes back to [[ine-pro|*(s)teg-e/o-|t=to cover]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(Köbler 2010)^(TLL) meaning a [[m|en|protection]] or shield: in the ''Bacchides'' a parasite calls himself the protection of that man's body (''illius sum integumentum corporis'').^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means a protective covering or guard,^(OLD 2012) and then any cover or wrapping: Livy explains that the “linen legion” was named from the linen covering of the enclosure in which the consecrated nobles stood.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Figuratively it is a means of concealment, as when Cicero says he saw someone's gifts through certain wrappings and coverings, or speaks of the coverings of misdeeds.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Festus calls the eyebrow the covering of the eye, and Augustine uses it of the husks of grain.^(TLL)

+

+ British Medieval Latin keeps the senses of an outer covering or husk and of a means of concealment, and adds that of an obscure expression or [[m|en|allegory]]: Bernard's commentary on the Aeneid defines ''integumentum'' as a kind of exposition that wraps the truth in a fictitious narrative.^(DMLBS) English borrowed it as ''integument'' in the 1610s, with the biological sense of a skin or shell from the 1660s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it for a protection.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it figuratively for a covering that conceals.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of the covering of a sacred enclosure.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * first third of the 8th century – Bede uses it for the husks of grain.^(DMLBS)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1610s – English borrows it as ''integument''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A protective [[m|en|covering]], shield, guard.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A cover, wrapping; a means of concealment.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|husk]]; an obscure expression, an [[m|en|allegory]].^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tegumentum]]

+ * [[en|integument]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}