iurgo Latin · revision 35758

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la iūs, la agō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈjuːr.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈjur.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iūrgō''' (present infinitive iūrgāre, perfect active iūrgāvī, supine iūrgātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the older form ''iūrigō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Grammarians also record a deponent ''iūrgor''.^(TLL)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|iūs#2|-igō|t1=law, right]], with the combining form of [[m|la|agō|t=to drive, conduct]], like [[lītigō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan bases the verb, together with [[obiūrgō]] and [[iūrgium]], on an unattested noun going back to [[ine-pro|*ieu̯os-h₂ǵ-o-|t=bringing the oath]];^(de Vaan 2008) the older spelling ⟨iūrigō⟩ points the same way.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Since “to pursue the law” hardly suits the meaning, Szemerényi suggested a verb ⟨*agāre⟩ “to declare”, as the TLL reports.^(TLL)

+

+ Varro already derived it from the word for law, since one who quarrels goes to law.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on,^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL) meaning to [[m|en|quarrel]]: in the ''Mercator'' one has to run, to fight and to quarrel in the street (''et currendum et pugnandum et autem iurigandum est in via'').^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means to quarrel or wrangle, a lighter thing than a lawsuit: Cicero, discussing the Twelve Tables, says that the law regards neighbours as quarrelling with one another (''iūrgāre''), not as litigating, since a dispute among friends is a ''iūrgium'' and not a ''līs''.^(TLL) Terence, Varro and Horace use it, but it is rare in later poetry.^(TLL) From the sense of quarrelling it came to mean uttering reproaches, and, used transitively, to scold or upbraid, as in Livy and Curtius.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ Ecclesiastical Latin keeps the sense “to quarrel”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the older form ''iūrigō'' for quarrelling.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero contrasts ''iūrgāre'' with ''lītigāre''.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Curtius uses it for scolding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(intransitive)'' To [[m|en|quarrel]], dispute, [[m|en|wrangle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To utter reproaches;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''(transitive)'' to [[m|en|scold]], upbraid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abiūrgō]]

+ * [[obiūrgō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iūrgium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}