Hotel German · revision 35752

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=1579|origins=la hospes}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /hoˈtɛl/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''Hotel''' ''n'' (genitive Hotels, plural Hotels)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|fr|hôtel]], [[m|fro|ostel]], [[der|la-lat|hospitāle|t=guest room]].^(Kluge 2011|427)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Duden 7 2020|380) The French noun is related to [[m|fr|hôte|t=guest, host]], from [[la|hospes|t=guest; host]], and German [[Hospital]] has the same source.^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)^(Pfeifer 1993) The same loan is [[nl|hotel]], [[en|hotel]] and [[sv|hotell]].^(Kluge 2011|427)

+

+ The “h-” was never pronounced in French, so the German pronunciation with /h/ is a spelling pronunciation, hardly a return to Latin.^(Kluge 2011|427) The Deutsches Fremdwörterbuch dates the first records to the late 16th century, in travel writing and as an exotic word of the fashion for things French; at first the word was also spelled “Hostel” or “Ostel”, in the 18th century sometimes “Hotell” with the plural “Hotellen”.^(DFWB) Kluge and Paul date the borrowing proper to the 18th century.^(Kluge 2011|427)^(Paul 2002)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In its first records the word refers to French conditions and means a palatial building or the town house of a noble: in 1579 ''ostel episcopal oder Bischoffshof'' “episcopal hôtel or bishop's residence”.^(DFWB) Only in the course of the 19th century is it clearly used of German inns.^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In German it first appeared in the names of inns, then became the general word for a fine inn, and was later set apart from ''Restauration'' and [[Restaurant]] as an inn with rooms for the night.^(Kluge 2011|427) Paul notes the older sense “private house” before the modern one, and the phrase ''schwimmendes Hotel'' “floating hotel” for a large passenger ship.^(Paul 2002) ''Hotel garni'' meant at first a furnished flat and later a hotel serving only breakfast, and ''Hotelier'' appeared in the 19th century.^(Paul 2002)^(Pfeifer 1993) The Duden dictionary dates ''Motel'', from English [[m|en|motel]], a blend of ''motor'' and ''hotel'', to the middle of the 20th century.^(Duden 7 2020|380) Hungarian ''hotel'' is recorded from 1831.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 1579 – First record, ''ostel episcopal'', for a bishop's residence in France.^(DFWB)

+ * 18th century – The word is borrowed into general use, spelled also ''Hotell''.^(Kluge 2011|427)^(DFWB)

+ * Late 18th century – Pfeifer's date for the borrowing, already with initial /h/.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 19th century – ''Hotel'' is clearly used of German inns, and ''Hotelier'' is formed.^(DFWB)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * 1831 – Hungarian ''hotel'' is recorded.^(LWP)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hotel]], a business offering rooms, usually with meals, to guests: ''Wir haben ein kleines Hotel am Hafen gebucht.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)^(Duden Fremdwörterbuch 2007)

+ # ''(historical)'' A [[m|en|residence]] or town palace, especially in France.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(DFWB)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[Hotelier]]

+ * [[Hotel garni]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[Hospital]]

+ * [[Motel]]

+ * [[en|hotel]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}