scindo Latin · revision 3575

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Naevius|origins=ine-pro *ski-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈskɪn.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈʃin.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''scindō''' (present infinitive scindere, perfect active scidī or scicidī, supine scissum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*ski-n-d-e/o-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ski-n-d-|t=to split, tear off]], a present with a nasal infix.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The old reduplicated perfect [[m|la|scicidī]] continues a Proto-Italic perfect *ski-skid-.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|छिनत्ति|tr=chinátti|t=cuts off]], [[grc|σχίζω|tr=skhízō|t=to split]] and [[sga|sceïd|t=vomits]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius onwards,^(de Vaan 2008) and the early poets Naevius, Ennius and Accius use the old perfect ''scicidi''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to split or cleave with a violent blow, as Plautus' lintel of the Phrygian gate, and to cleave the ground in ploughing, as in Virgil.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) It meant to tear apart or rend, as Plautus' storms that tear the sails, and to tear up a letter or a garment, as in Cicero and Livy.^(OLD 2012)^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Figuratively it meant to divide a people into factions, as in Virgil's “the uncertain crowd is split into opposing parties”, and to distract or disturb.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The perfect ''scidi'' is found from post-Augustan times.^(OLD 2012) Its compound ''rescindere'' “to cancel” gave English ''rescind'' in the 1630s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses the perfect ''scicidi''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of splitting and of tearing sails.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of tearing up a letter.^(Georges 1913)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of ploughing and of a divided people.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1630s – English ''rescind'' comes from its compound ''rescindere''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To split, [[m|en|cleave]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To cleave (the ground) in ploughing or mining.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To divide in two, separate.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To break in two; to separate into parts.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To tear apart, [[m|en|rend]], tear up.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative)'' To divide (a people) into factions; to distract.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abscindō]]

+ * [[circumscindō]]

+ * [[cōnscindō]]

+ * [[descindō]]

+ * [[discindō]]

+ * [[exscindō]]

+ * [[interscindō]]

+ * [[perscindō]]

+ * [[prōscindō]]

+ * [[rescindō]]

+ * [[scissilis]]

+ * [[scissim]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|rescind]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''findere'', to cleave along the natural grain, from ''scindere'', to break apart by force without regard to it.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}