heute German · revision 35745

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=late 8th century, Old High German glosses|origins=ine-pro *ḱi-, gem-pro *dagaz}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * /ˈhɔʏ̯tə/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''heute''' (adverb), colloquially also '''heut'''.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ Beside it Middle High German and Early New High German had ''hiuten'', ''heuten'', whose final ''-n'' is perhaps modelled on ''morgen''.^(DWB|10, 1294)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|gmh|hiute]], [[inh|goh|hiutu]], contracted from the instrumental phrase [[m|goh|*hiu tagu|t=on this day]], [[inh|gmw-pro|*hiu dagu]], from [[gem-pro|*hinō dagō|t=on this day]].^(Kluge 2011|414)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Wiktionary)^(EWA|4, 1076) The same fusion is found in [[osx|hiudu]], [[ofs|hiūdega]], [[ang|hēodæġ]] and [[nl|heden]], whose final /n/ copies the words for “yesterday” and “tomorrow”.^(Kluge 2011|414)^(EWA|4, 1076) The first part is the pronoun stem [[gem-pro|*hi-|t=this]], which still stands on its own in [[got|𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰|tr=himma daga|t=today, on this day]]; the second is the word for [[Tag]].^(Kluge 2011|414)^(Pfeifer 1993)^(Kroonen 2013)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The stem continues [[ine-pro|*ḱi-|t=this]], also in [[la|cis|t=on this side]], [[lt|šis|t=this]], [[cu|сь|tr=sĭ|t=this]] and [[hit|kī|t=this here]]; [[grc|σήμερον|tr=sḗmeron|t=today]] is a parallel formation with the Greek word for “day”.^(Kluge 2011|414) Duden, Wahrig and Paul think the Old High German phrase may be a loan translation of [[m|la|hodiē|t=today]].^(Duden 7 2020|369)^(Wahrig Herkunftswörterbuch)^(Paul 2002) [[heuer]] “this year” was formed in the same way from a phrase meaning “in this year”.^(Duden 7 2020|369)^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Old High German ''hiutu'' appears in Alemannic glosses of the end of the 8th or beginning of the 9th century, then in the ''Hildebrandslied'', the Saint Gall Paternoster, Tatian, Otfrid and Notker, meaning today, now, at present;^(EWA|4, 1076)^(Schützeichel 2012|154) ''untaz hiutu'' was “until today”.^(EWA|4, 1076)^(Schützeichel 2012|154)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The Grimms think the word first covered only the daylight part of the day, while ''heint'' named the night; in the 16th century the pair could still be set side by side, and some Upper German dialects use ''heute'' for “this morning”.^(DWB|10, 1294) The extension to the whole day had already happened in Old High German.^(DWB|10, 1294) Because the noun “day” was no longer felt in it, the pleonasm ''heute diesen Tag'' arose, found in Hartmann's ''Iwein'' and in Luther's Bible.^(DWB|10, 1294)

+

+ From “on this day” it came to mean “nowadays”, especially in ''heutzutage'';^(Paul 2002) Schiller used it as a noun, ''das Heute''.^(Paul 2002) The adjective [[heutig]] is Old High German ''hiutīg'' (8th century).^(Pfeifer 1993)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * Late 8th century – Old High German ''hiutu'' in Alemannic glosses.^(EWA|4, 1076)

+ * 8th century – The adjective ''hiutīg'' “of today” is recorded.^(Pfeifer 1993)

+ * c. 1120–1130 – Middle High German ''hiute'' in the ''Exodus''.^(Köbler MHD)

+ * 16th century – ''heute'' “today” and ''heint'' “tonight” are still set side by side.^(DWB|10, 1294)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|today]], on this day: ''Heute ist Freitag.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary)

+ # At the present time, [[m|en|nowadays]]: ''Heute reist man schneller als früher.''^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[heutig]]

+ * [[heutzutage]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[heuer]]

+ * [[hier]]

+ * [[Tag]]

+ * [[ang|hēodæġ]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Fixed phrases include ''heute oder morgen'' “any day now”, ''lieber heute als morgen'' “the sooner the better” and ''von heute auf morgen'' “overnight, all of a sudden”.^(Duden GWDS 1999) Used as a noun, ''das Heute'' is the present day.^(Duden GWDS 1999)^(Wiktionary DE)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}