septem Latin · revision 3574

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *septḿ̥}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɛp.tẽː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsɛp.tem]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''septem''' (indeclinable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*septm̥|t=seven]], [[inh|ine-pro|*septḿ̥|t=seven]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The ordinal [[septimus]] “seventh” continues *s(e)ptm-ó-.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Cognate with [[sga|secht|t=seven]], [[sa|सप्त|tr=saptá|t=seven]], [[grc|ἑπτά|tr=heptá|t=seven]], [[lt|septynì|t=seven]], [[got|𐍃𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌽|tr=sibun|t=seven]] and [[en|seven]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus onwards,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) as in “it is seven months since…”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was always the number seven.^(OLD 2012) Fixed groups were the seven wonders of the world, the seven stars of the Great Bear or the Pleiades, the seven hills of Rome in Horace, and the Seven Sages of Greece in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ From it came ''September'', the seventh month of the old Roman year, which passed into English in late Old English, and ''septentriones'', the seven stars of the Plough and so “the north”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Etymonline) It survives as Italian ''sette'', French ''sept'', Spanish ''siete'', Portuguese ''sete'' and Romanian ''șapte''.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the Seven Sages.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace mentions the gods who love the seven hills.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late Old English – English ''September'' comes from its derivative.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|Seven]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''septem miracula'': the Seven Wonders of the World.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''septem stellae'': the seven stars of the Great Bear; the Pleiades.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[septeiugis]]

+ * [[septemfāriam]]

+ * [[septemfluus]]

+ * [[septemgeminus]]

+ * [[septemmestris]]

+ * [[septemnerua]]

+ * [[septempedālis]]

+ * [[septemplex]]

+ * [[septemrēmis]]

+ * [[septemvirālis]]

+ * [[septemvirātus]]

+ * [[septēnī]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[en|seven]]

+ * [[en|September]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}